SAĞLIK EKONOMİSİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN FAYDA-MALİYET ANALİZLERİNDE SOSYAL İSKONTO ORANININ SEÇİMİNİN ANALİZİ

Öz

Sağlık ekonomisi, sağlık sektörüne ayrılan kaynaklardan daha etkin bir şekilde yararlanabilmek için incelemeler yapan bir bilim dalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık ekonomisinde ekonomik değerlendirme yöntemlerinden biri olarak kullanılan fayda maliyet analizini ve sağlık sektörüne ayrılan kaynakların verimli bir şekilde kullanılması için fayda maliyet analizlerinde kullanılan bir araç olan sosyal iskonto oranı kavramını değerlendirmektir. Bir derleme olan bu çalışmada sosyal iskonto oranına ilişkin yürütülen ulusal ve uluslararası, teorik ve ampirik çalışmalara yönelik bir literatür incelemesi gerçekleştirilerek sosyal iskonto oranının seçim yöntemleri ve sağlık projelerinde kullanılması gereken uygun sosyal iskonto oranın ne olması gerektiğini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz yürütülürken sosyal iskonto oranına ilişkin akademik literatüre, dünya genelinde sağlıkta ekonomik değerlendirmelerde uygulanan indirim oranlarına ve küresel olarak yol gösterici kılavuz ve yönergelere ilişkin bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ekonomik bir bakış açısı çerçevesinde sağlık sektörü açısından sosyal iskonto oranı kavramsal olarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmış, önerilen iskonto hadleri, iskonto haddinin seçimine etki eden faktörler ve oranının seçiminde yaşanan belirsizliğin nedenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak politik tercihlerin yön verdiği sosyal iskonto oranı için kamusal kaynakların optimal kullanımının önemi ve kuşaklararasında bu kaynakların dağılımına olan etkileri nedeniyle toplumun geneline yayılan sonuçlar doğurduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık Ekonomisi
• Maliyet - Fayda Analizi
• Sosyal İskonto Oranı
• Sağlık Ekonomisi, Maliyet - Fayda Analizi, Sosyal İskonto Oranı

ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTION OF THE SOCIAL DISCOUNT RATE IN COST-BENEFITS ANALYSIS FROM HEALTH ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE

Öz

Health economics is a branch of science that examines in order to benefit more effectively from the resources allocated to the health sector. The aim of this study is to evaluate the concept of social discount rate, which is used as one of the economic evaluation methods in health economics and used in cost-benefit analysis, which is a tool for the efficient use of resources allocated to the health sector. In this study, which is a compilation, a literature review is carried out on national and international, theoretical and empirical studies on the social discount rate, and another analysis is carried out to evaluate the selection methods of the social discount rate and what the appropriate social discount rate should be used in health projects. While conducting the analysis, a review of the academic literature on the social discount rate, the discount rates applied in economic evaluations in health around the world, and globally guiding and instructions were performed. In this context, within the framework of an economic perspective, the social discount rate has been tried to be evaluated conceptually in terms of the health sector, the proposed discount rates and the factors affecting the selection of the discount rate and the reasons for the uncertainty in the selection of the rate have been evaluated. As a result, it can be said that the optimal use of public resources for the social discount rate, which is directed by political preferences, and its effects on the distribution of these resources between generations have consequences that spread throughout the society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health Economics
• Cost - Benefit Analysis
• Social Discount Rate.

Kaynakça

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