THE IMPACT OF URBANISATION ON TECHNOLOGY, CO2 AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN APPLICATION ON SELECTED COUNTRIES

Öz

The changes in production processes that started with the industrial revolution, together with the developments in education and health over time, accelerated population growth, which led to the acceleration of urbanisation worldwide. This study investigates the effects of urbanisation on economic growth, technological development, and carbon emissions for BRICS countries (Brazil, China, Russia, India, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Iran and United Arab Emirates) including Saudi Arabia and Turkey, between 1990 and 2020. In this context, the stationarity of the data used in the study is investigated using second generation unit root tests, and the relationship between variables is investigated using the Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (EK) (2011) causality test. The results of the study indicate that urbanisation and urbanisation squared are the Granger causes of economic growth and carbon emissions. However, it is concluded that urbanisation and urbanisation squared are not Granger causes of technology. Finally, when the effect of carbon emissions on economic growth and technological development is analysed, it is concluded that there is a Granger causality relationship from carbon emissions to both variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Carbon Emissions
• Technological Development
• Panel Data Analysis

KENTLEŞMENİN TEKNOLOJİ, CO2 VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Öz

Sanayi devrimiyle başlayan üretim süreçlerindeki değişimler, zamanla eğitim ve sağlık alanındaki gelişmelerle birlikte nüfus artışını hızlandırmış, bu da dünya genelinde kentleşmenin ivme kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada 1990-2020 yılları arası Suudi Arabistan ve Türkiye’de dahil BRICS ülkeleri (Brezilya, Çin, Rusya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika, Mısır, Etiyopya, İran, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri) için kentleşmenin ekonomik büyüme, teknolojik gelişme ve karbon emisyonu üzerine etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada kullanılan verilerin durağanlık sınaması ikinci nesil birim kök testleri ile değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ise Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (EK) (2011) nedensellik testi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında kentleşme ve kentleşmenin karesinin, ekonomik büyüme ve karbon emisyonunun Granger nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak kentleşme ve kentleşmenin karesinin, teknolojinin Granger nedeni olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak çalışmada karbon emisyonunun ekonomik büyüme ve teknolojik gelişme üzerine etkisi incelendiğinde, karbon emisyonundan her iki değişkene doğru Granger nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentleşme
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Karbon Emisyonu
• Teknolojik Gelişim
• Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

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