Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 71, 177 - 198, 03.11.2025

Hatice Kahraman Adıyaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1612647

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adami, E. (2009). “Do YouTube?” When Communication Turns into Video e-nteraction”, Forms of Migration - Migration of Forms: Atti del XXIII Convegno Nazionale AIA, (Ed: D. Torretta, M. Dossena ve A. Sportelli), Progedit, Bari.
  • Adorno, T. W. (2013). Kültür Endüstrisi: Kültür Yönetimi, (Çev: N. Ülner, M. Tüzel ve E. Gen). 8. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, P. ve Baran, G. (2017). “Annelerin Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Özellikleri İle Çocukların Oyuncak Tercihleri ve Oynadıkları Oyun Türleri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/1, 102-136.
  • Alexander, V. D. (1994). “The Image of Children in Magazine Advertisements from 1905 to 1990”, Communication Research, 21/6, 742-765.
  • Alruwaily, A., Mangold, C., Greene, T., Arshonsky, J., Cassidy, O., Pomeranz, J. L. ve Bragg, M. (2020). “Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement”, Pediatrics, 146/5, 1-10.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). The Consumer Society: Myths & Structures. Sage Publications, Londra.
  • Bauman, Z. (1999). Çalışma, Tüketicilik ve Yeni yoksullar, (Çev: Ü. Öktem), Sarmal Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2010). Etiğin Tüketiciler Dünyasında Bir Şansı Var Mı? (Çev: İ. Katırcı), De Ki, Ankara.
  • Bauman, Z. (2012). Küreselleşme: Toplumsal Sonuçları, (Çev: A. Yılmaz), 4. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2018). Akışkan Hayat, (Çev. A. E. Pilgir), 1. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul. B ocock, R. (2009). Tüketim, (Çev. İ. Kutluk), 3. Baskı, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Bowen, A.G. (2009). “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method”, Qualitative Research Journal, 9/2, 27-40.
  • Brownell, C. A. ve Kopp, C. B. (2010). “Transitions in Toddler Socioemotional Development”, Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years: Transitions and Transformations, (Ed: C. A. Brownell ve C. B. Kopp), Guilford Press, New York, Londra.
  • Buckingham, D. (2007). “Selling Childhood? Children and Consumer Culture”, Journal of Children and Media, 1/1, 15-24.
  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). “Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing”, The Future of Children, 18/1, 205-234.
  • Chen, X., Jiang, L., Miao, S. ve Shi, C. (2021). “Road to Micro-Celebration: The Role of Mutation Strategy of Micro-Celebrity in Digital Media”, New Media & Society, 25/12, 1-22.
  • Chin, E. (1993). “Not of Whole Cloth Made: The Consumer Environment of Children”, Children’s Environments, 10/1, 72-84.
  • Cook, D. T. (2004). The Commodification of Childhood: The children’s Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer, Duke University Press, Durham.
  • Cook, D. T. (2020). The Moral Project of Childhood: Motherhood, Material Life, and Early Children’s Consumer Culture, New York University Press, New York.
  • deMause, L. (2006). “The Evolution of Childhood”. The History of Childhood: The Untold Story of Child Abuse, (Ed: L. deMause), Rowman&Littlefield, Lanham.
  • Ergüney, M. (2017). “İnternetin Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocuklar Üzerindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir Araştırma”, Ulakbilge, 5/17, 1917-1938.
  • Evans, N. J., Hoy, M. G. ve Childers, C. C. (2018). “Parenting “Youtube Natives”: The Impact of Pre-roll Advertising and Text Disclosures on Parental Responses to Sponsored Child Influencer Videos”, Journal of Advertising, 47/4, 326-346.
  • Feller, G. ve Burroughs, B. (2021). “Branding Kidfluencers: Regulating Content and Advertising on YouTube”, Television & New Media, 23/6, 575-592.
  • Fortunati, L. (2018). “Immaterial Labor”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, (Ed: G. Ritzer), 2. Baskı, Blackwell Publishing, Malden.
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx, Routledge, New York.
  • Ghani, M. A. ve Cambre, C. (2020). “Ethan’s Golden Youtube Play Button: The Evolution of a Child Influencer”, Mediated Interfaces: The Body on Social Media, (Ed: K. Warfield, C. Abidin, C. Cambre), Bloomsbury Publishing, New York.
  • Goodwin, R. N. (1997). “Volume Introduction”, The Consumer Society, (Ed: N. R. Goodwin, F. Ackerman ve D. Kiron), ISLAND PRESS, Washington, D. C.
  • Hardt, M. ve Negri, A. (2020). Çokluk, İmparatorluk Çağında Savaş ve Demokrasi, 3. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hearn, A. (2008). “Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the Contours of the Brandedself”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 8/2, 197-217.
  • Hearn, A. ve Schoenhoff, S. (2015). “From Celebrity to Influencer: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value Across the Data Stream”, A Companion to Celebrity, (Ed: P. D. Marshall ve S. Redmond), Wiley.
  • Hill, J. A. (2013). Deconstructing the Children’s Culture Industry: A Retrospective Analysis from Young People. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). British Columbia Üniversitesi
  • Horkheimer, M. ve Adorno, T. W. (2010). Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği: Felsefi Fragmanlar, (Çev: N. Ülner ve E. Öztarhan Karadoğan), Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Huizinga, J. (2006). Homo Ludens: Oyunun Toplumsal İşlevi Üzerine Bir Deneme, (Çev: M. A. Kılıçbay), 2. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kırdar, Y. (2012). Postmodern Pazarlama ve Tüketim Kültürü, 1. Baskı, Moss Akademik, İstanbul.
  • Kim, J. (2012). “The Institutionalization of YouTube: From User-generated Content to Professionally Generated Content”, Media, Culture & Society, 34/1, 53-67.
  • Langer, B. (2002). “Commodified Enchantment: Children and Consumer Capitalism”, Thesis Eleven, 69/1, 67-81.
  • Langer, B. (2004). “The Business of Branded Enchantment: Ambivalence and Disjuncture in the Global Children’s Culture Industry”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 4/2, 251-277.
  • Lira, A. C. M., Yaegashi, S. F. R. ve Dominico, E. (2019). “Disguise Me That I Devour You: Children Youtubers, Consumption and Semi-Formation of the Child”, Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos em Educação, 14/esp.4, 1960-1976.
  • Livingstone, S. ve Rahali, M. (2022). “#SponsoredAds: Monitoring Influencer Marketing to Young Audiences”, Media Policy Brief 23. London: Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Livingstone, S., Carr, J. ve Byrne, J. (2016). “One in Three: Internet Governance and Children’s Rights. Innocenti Discussion Paper No. 2016-01”, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • Marsh, J. (2016). “Unboxing’videos: Co-construction of the Child as Cyberflâneur”, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37/3, 369-380.
  • Martinez, C. ve Olsson, T. (2019). “Making Sense of YouTubers: How Swedish Children Construct and Negotiate the YouTuber Misslisibell as a Girl Celebrity”, Journal of Children and Media, 13/1, 36-52.
  • Marwick, A.ve boyd, D. (2010). “I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the İmagined Audience,” New Media & Society, 13/1, 114–133.
  • Masterson, M. A. (2020). “When Play Becomes Work: Child Labor Laws in the Era of “Kidfluencers””, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 169/2, 577-607.
  • McRoberts, S., Bonsignore, E., Peyton, T. ve Yarosh, S. (2016). “Do It for the Viewers! Audience Engagement Behaviors of Young Youtubers”, 15. Uluslararası Etkileşim Tasarımı ve Çocuklar Konferansı, Manchester, 21-24 Haziran 2016.
  • Morse (1994). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods, Sage Publications, California.
  • O’Leary, Z. (2004). The Essential Guide to Doing Research, Sage Publications, London.
  • Ofcom (2017). Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/108182/children-parents-media-use-attitudes-2017.pdf
  • Özer, Ö. ve Dağtaş, E. (2011). Popüler Kültürün Hâkimiyeti, Bir Türkiye Hikâyesi, LİTERATÜRK, Konya.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri, 2. Baskı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Perse, E. M., Burton, P. I., Lears, M. E., Elizabeth S. Kovner ve Ruma, J. S. (1992). “Predicting Computer‐Mediated Communication in a College Class”, Communication Research Reports, 9/2, 161-170.
  • Postman, N. (1995). Çocukluğun Yokoluşu, (Çev: K. İnal), İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Rafsanjani, J. I. (2022). “Legal Protection of Kid Influencers From Child Exploitation”, Journal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 22/1, 93-104.
  • Raun, T. (2018). “Capitalizing Intimacy: New Subcultural Forms Of Micro-Celebrity Strategies and Affective Labour On YouTube”, Convergence, 24/1, 99-113.
  • Russell, R. ve Tyler, M. (2002). “Thank Heaven for Little Girls: `Girl Heaven’ and the Commercial Context of Feminine Childhood”, Sociology, 36/3, 619–637.
  • Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity And Community in The Age Of Social Media, Peter Lang, New York:
  • Senft, T. M. (2013). “Microcelebrity and the Branded Self”, A Companion To New Media Dynamics, 11, 346-354.
  • Shotton, M. A. (1991). “The Costs and Benefits Of Computer Addiction”, Behaviour & Information Technology, 10/3, 219-230.
  • Smith, A. N., Fischer, E. ve Yongjian, C. (2012). “How Does Brand-related User-generated Content Differ across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter?”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26/2, 102–113.
  • Stearns, P. N. (1997). “Stages of Consumerism: Recent Work on the Issues of Periodization”, The Journal of Modern History, 69/1, 102-117.
  • Subrahmanyam, K., Kraut, R. E., Greenfield, P. M. ve Gross, E. (2000). “The Impact of Home Computer Use on Children’s Activities and Development”, Future of Children, 10/2, 123–144.
  • Tanupabrungsun, S. (2018). Microcelebrity Practices: A Cross-Platform Study Through a Richness Framework. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Syracuse Üniversitesi
  • Terranova, T. (2013). “Free labor”, Digital labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory, (Ed: T. Scholz), Routledge, New York.
  • Trentmann, F. (2004). “Beyond Consumerism: New Historical Perspectives on Consumption”, Journal of Contemporary History, 39/3, 373–401.
  • TÜİK, (2024). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, Elde edilme tarihi: 12 Kasım 2024, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalk%C4%B1-Bili%C5%9Fim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullan%C4%B1m-Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1-2024-53492&dil=1#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=%C4%B0nternet%20kullan%C4%B1m%20oran%C4%B1%2C%2016%2D74,%85%2C4%20olarak%20g%C3%B6zlendi
  • TÜİK, (2018). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması, Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028
  • Van Der Hof, S., Lievens, E., Milkaite, I., Verdoodt, V., Hannema, T. ve Liefaard, T. (2020). “The Child’s Right to Protection Against Economic Exploitation in the Digital World”, The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 28/4, 833-859.
  • Veblen, T. (2006). Conspicuous Consumption, Penguin Books, New York.
  • Vizcaino-Laorga, R., Martinez Pastor, E., Angel Nicolas Ojeda, M. ve Atauri Mezquida, D. (2021). “Kid Youtubers in Spain and Their Practices as Toy Marketing Influencers on YouTube”, Medijska İstraživanja: Znanstveno-Stručni Časopis Za Novinarstvo İ Medije, 27/1, 99-124.
  • We are social (2018). Global Digital Report 2018, Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018
  • Westenberg, W. M. (2016). The Influence of YouTubers on Teenagers: a Descriptive Research About The Role Youtubers Play in the Life of Their Teenage Viewers. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Twente Üniversitesi
  • Wunderman Thompson. (01.12.2016). The Future 100. Trends and Changes to Watch in 2017. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://www.wundermanthompson.com/insight/future-100-trends-change-2017
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 9. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara. Zelizer, V. A. (1985). Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children, Basic Books, New York.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 71, 177 - 198, 03.11.2025

Hatice Kahraman Adıyaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1612647

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adami, E. (2009). “Do YouTube?” When Communication Turns into Video e-nteraction”, Forms of Migration - Migration of Forms: Atti del XXIII Convegno Nazionale AIA, (Ed: D. Torretta, M. Dossena ve A. Sportelli), Progedit, Bari.
  • Adorno, T. W. (2013). Kültür Endüstrisi: Kültür Yönetimi, (Çev: N. Ülner, M. Tüzel ve E. Gen). 8. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, P. ve Baran, G. (2017). “Annelerin Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Özellikleri İle Çocukların Oyuncak Tercihleri ve Oynadıkları Oyun Türleri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/1, 102-136.
  • Alexander, V. D. (1994). “The Image of Children in Magazine Advertisements from 1905 to 1990”, Communication Research, 21/6, 742-765.
  • Alruwaily, A., Mangold, C., Greene, T., Arshonsky, J., Cassidy, O., Pomeranz, J. L. ve Bragg, M. (2020). “Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement”, Pediatrics, 146/5, 1-10.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). The Consumer Society: Myths & Structures. Sage Publications, Londra.
  • Bauman, Z. (1999). Çalışma, Tüketicilik ve Yeni yoksullar, (Çev: Ü. Öktem), Sarmal Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2010). Etiğin Tüketiciler Dünyasında Bir Şansı Var Mı? (Çev: İ. Katırcı), De Ki, Ankara.
  • Bauman, Z. (2012). Küreselleşme: Toplumsal Sonuçları, (Çev: A. Yılmaz), 4. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2018). Akışkan Hayat, (Çev. A. E. Pilgir), 1. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul. B ocock, R. (2009). Tüketim, (Çev. İ. Kutluk), 3. Baskı, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Bowen, A.G. (2009). “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method”, Qualitative Research Journal, 9/2, 27-40.
  • Brownell, C. A. ve Kopp, C. B. (2010). “Transitions in Toddler Socioemotional Development”, Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years: Transitions and Transformations, (Ed: C. A. Brownell ve C. B. Kopp), Guilford Press, New York, Londra.
  • Buckingham, D. (2007). “Selling Childhood? Children and Consumer Culture”, Journal of Children and Media, 1/1, 15-24.
  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). “Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing”, The Future of Children, 18/1, 205-234.
  • Chen, X., Jiang, L., Miao, S. ve Shi, C. (2021). “Road to Micro-Celebration: The Role of Mutation Strategy of Micro-Celebrity in Digital Media”, New Media & Society, 25/12, 1-22.
  • Chin, E. (1993). “Not of Whole Cloth Made: The Consumer Environment of Children”, Children’s Environments, 10/1, 72-84.
  • Cook, D. T. (2004). The Commodification of Childhood: The children’s Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer, Duke University Press, Durham.
  • Cook, D. T. (2020). The Moral Project of Childhood: Motherhood, Material Life, and Early Children’s Consumer Culture, New York University Press, New York.
  • deMause, L. (2006). “The Evolution of Childhood”. The History of Childhood: The Untold Story of Child Abuse, (Ed: L. deMause), Rowman&Littlefield, Lanham.
  • Ergüney, M. (2017). “İnternetin Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocuklar Üzerindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir Araştırma”, Ulakbilge, 5/17, 1917-1938.
  • Evans, N. J., Hoy, M. G. ve Childers, C. C. (2018). “Parenting “Youtube Natives”: The Impact of Pre-roll Advertising and Text Disclosures on Parental Responses to Sponsored Child Influencer Videos”, Journal of Advertising, 47/4, 326-346.
  • Feller, G. ve Burroughs, B. (2021). “Branding Kidfluencers: Regulating Content and Advertising on YouTube”, Television & New Media, 23/6, 575-592.
  • Fortunati, L. (2018). “Immaterial Labor”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, (Ed: G. Ritzer), 2. Baskı, Blackwell Publishing, Malden.
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx, Routledge, New York.
  • Ghani, M. A. ve Cambre, C. (2020). “Ethan’s Golden Youtube Play Button: The Evolution of a Child Influencer”, Mediated Interfaces: The Body on Social Media, (Ed: K. Warfield, C. Abidin, C. Cambre), Bloomsbury Publishing, New York.
  • Goodwin, R. N. (1997). “Volume Introduction”, The Consumer Society, (Ed: N. R. Goodwin, F. Ackerman ve D. Kiron), ISLAND PRESS, Washington, D. C.
  • Hardt, M. ve Negri, A. (2020). Çokluk, İmparatorluk Çağında Savaş ve Demokrasi, 3. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hearn, A. (2008). “Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the Contours of the Brandedself”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 8/2, 197-217.
  • Hearn, A. ve Schoenhoff, S. (2015). “From Celebrity to Influencer: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value Across the Data Stream”, A Companion to Celebrity, (Ed: P. D. Marshall ve S. Redmond), Wiley.
  • Hill, J. A. (2013). Deconstructing the Children’s Culture Industry: A Retrospective Analysis from Young People. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). British Columbia Üniversitesi
  • Horkheimer, M. ve Adorno, T. W. (2010). Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği: Felsefi Fragmanlar, (Çev: N. Ülner ve E. Öztarhan Karadoğan), Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Huizinga, J. (2006). Homo Ludens: Oyunun Toplumsal İşlevi Üzerine Bir Deneme, (Çev: M. A. Kılıçbay), 2. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kırdar, Y. (2012). Postmodern Pazarlama ve Tüketim Kültürü, 1. Baskı, Moss Akademik, İstanbul.
  • Kim, J. (2012). “The Institutionalization of YouTube: From User-generated Content to Professionally Generated Content”, Media, Culture & Society, 34/1, 53-67.
  • Langer, B. (2002). “Commodified Enchantment: Children and Consumer Capitalism”, Thesis Eleven, 69/1, 67-81.
  • Langer, B. (2004). “The Business of Branded Enchantment: Ambivalence and Disjuncture in the Global Children’s Culture Industry”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 4/2, 251-277.
  • Lira, A. C. M., Yaegashi, S. F. R. ve Dominico, E. (2019). “Disguise Me That I Devour You: Children Youtubers, Consumption and Semi-Formation of the Child”, Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos em Educação, 14/esp.4, 1960-1976.
  • Livingstone, S. ve Rahali, M. (2022). “#SponsoredAds: Monitoring Influencer Marketing to Young Audiences”, Media Policy Brief 23. London: Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Livingstone, S., Carr, J. ve Byrne, J. (2016). “One in Three: Internet Governance and Children’s Rights. Innocenti Discussion Paper No. 2016-01”, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • Marsh, J. (2016). “Unboxing’videos: Co-construction of the Child as Cyberflâneur”, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37/3, 369-380.
  • Martinez, C. ve Olsson, T. (2019). “Making Sense of YouTubers: How Swedish Children Construct and Negotiate the YouTuber Misslisibell as a Girl Celebrity”, Journal of Children and Media, 13/1, 36-52.
  • Marwick, A.ve boyd, D. (2010). “I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the İmagined Audience,” New Media & Society, 13/1, 114–133.
  • Masterson, M. A. (2020). “When Play Becomes Work: Child Labor Laws in the Era of “Kidfluencers””, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 169/2, 577-607.
  • McRoberts, S., Bonsignore, E., Peyton, T. ve Yarosh, S. (2016). “Do It for the Viewers! Audience Engagement Behaviors of Young Youtubers”, 15. Uluslararası Etkileşim Tasarımı ve Çocuklar Konferansı, Manchester, 21-24 Haziran 2016.
  • Morse (1994). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods, Sage Publications, California.
  • O’Leary, Z. (2004). The Essential Guide to Doing Research, Sage Publications, London.
  • Ofcom (2017). Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/108182/children-parents-media-use-attitudes-2017.pdf
  • Özer, Ö. ve Dağtaş, E. (2011). Popüler Kültürün Hâkimiyeti, Bir Türkiye Hikâyesi, LİTERATÜRK, Konya.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri, 2. Baskı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Perse, E. M., Burton, P. I., Lears, M. E., Elizabeth S. Kovner ve Ruma, J. S. (1992). “Predicting Computer‐Mediated Communication in a College Class”, Communication Research Reports, 9/2, 161-170.
  • Postman, N. (1995). Çocukluğun Yokoluşu, (Çev: K. İnal), İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Rafsanjani, J. I. (2022). “Legal Protection of Kid Influencers From Child Exploitation”, Journal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 22/1, 93-104.
  • Raun, T. (2018). “Capitalizing Intimacy: New Subcultural Forms Of Micro-Celebrity Strategies and Affective Labour On YouTube”, Convergence, 24/1, 99-113.
  • Russell, R. ve Tyler, M. (2002). “Thank Heaven for Little Girls: `Girl Heaven’ and the Commercial Context of Feminine Childhood”, Sociology, 36/3, 619–637.
  • Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity And Community in The Age Of Social Media, Peter Lang, New York:
  • Senft, T. M. (2013). “Microcelebrity and the Branded Self”, A Companion To New Media Dynamics, 11, 346-354.
  • Shotton, M. A. (1991). “The Costs and Benefits Of Computer Addiction”, Behaviour & Information Technology, 10/3, 219-230.
  • Smith, A. N., Fischer, E. ve Yongjian, C. (2012). “How Does Brand-related User-generated Content Differ across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter?”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26/2, 102–113.
  • Stearns, P. N. (1997). “Stages of Consumerism: Recent Work on the Issues of Periodization”, The Journal of Modern History, 69/1, 102-117.
  • Subrahmanyam, K., Kraut, R. E., Greenfield, P. M. ve Gross, E. (2000). “The Impact of Home Computer Use on Children’s Activities and Development”, Future of Children, 10/2, 123–144.
  • Tanupabrungsun, S. (2018). Microcelebrity Practices: A Cross-Platform Study Through a Richness Framework. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Syracuse Üniversitesi
  • Terranova, T. (2013). “Free labor”, Digital labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory, (Ed: T. Scholz), Routledge, New York.
  • Trentmann, F. (2004). “Beyond Consumerism: New Historical Perspectives on Consumption”, Journal of Contemporary History, 39/3, 373–401.
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  • Van Der Hof, S., Lievens, E., Milkaite, I., Verdoodt, V., Hannema, T. ve Liefaard, T. (2020). “The Child’s Right to Protection Against Economic Exploitation in the Digital World”, The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 28/4, 833-859.
  • Veblen, T. (2006). Conspicuous Consumption, Penguin Books, New York.
  • Vizcaino-Laorga, R., Martinez Pastor, E., Angel Nicolas Ojeda, M. ve Atauri Mezquida, D. (2021). “Kid Youtubers in Spain and Their Practices as Toy Marketing Influencers on YouTube”, Medijska İstraživanja: Znanstveno-Stručni Časopis Za Novinarstvo İ Medije, 27/1, 99-124.
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ÇOCUKLARIN YENİ ARKA BAHÇESİ YOUTUBE: METALAŞAN ÇOCUKLUK ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 71, 177 - 198, 03.11.2025

Hatice Kahraman Adıyaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1612647

Öz

Geleneksel medyada daha çok tüketici konumunda olan çocuklar, sosyal medya çağında kendi kanallarında içeriklerini üretip paylaşabilir duruma gelmiştir. Kanalların popülerlik kazanmasıyla birlikte çocuklar, mikro ünlülere dönüşebilmektedir. Ünlülük, henüz küçük yaşta olan çocukların büyük gelirler kazanmasını sağlayabilmektedir. Çocuğun toplumdaki ve ekonomideki konumunun tartışıldığı bu çalışmada, sosyal medya ortamında metalaşan bir çocukluğun YouTube ortamına yansımaları tartışılmıştır. Okul öncesi yaşlardan beri YouTube sosyal medya platformunda içerik üreten bir çocuğun Youtube kanalı doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada videolar, izleyicilerin oluşturduğu içerikler, izleyici yorumları ve ayrıca araştırmacının gözlemleri ve notları veri olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, YouTube’da mikro ünlü olan çocuğun yıllar içerisinde kanaldaki yeri değişmemiştir. Babasının içeriklere ve videonun akışına yoğun müdahalesi çocuğun konumunun aynı kalmasında etkili olmuştur. Böylelikle kanalın takipçi sayısındaki artış durmuştur. Çocuk, 2016 yılından beri Youtube kanalında içerik üretiyor olsa da videolarda tek başına hâkimiyet kuramamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda “ebetron” yeni bir kavram olarak önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukların kültür endüstrisi Çocukluk sosyolojisi Tüketim toplumu Mikro ünlülük

Kaynakça

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  • Adorno, T. W. (2013). Kültür Endüstrisi: Kültür Yönetimi, (Çev: N. Ülner, M. Tüzel ve E. Gen). 8. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, P. ve Baran, G. (2017). “Annelerin Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Özellikleri İle Çocukların Oyuncak Tercihleri ve Oynadıkları Oyun Türleri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/1, 102-136.
  • Alexander, V. D. (1994). “The Image of Children in Magazine Advertisements from 1905 to 1990”, Communication Research, 21/6, 742-765.
  • Alruwaily, A., Mangold, C., Greene, T., Arshonsky, J., Cassidy, O., Pomeranz, J. L. ve Bragg, M. (2020). “Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement”, Pediatrics, 146/5, 1-10.
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  • Brownell, C. A. ve Kopp, C. B. (2010). “Transitions in Toddler Socioemotional Development”, Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years: Transitions and Transformations, (Ed: C. A. Brownell ve C. B. Kopp), Guilford Press, New York, Londra.
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  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). “Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing”, The Future of Children, 18/1, 205-234.
  • Chen, X., Jiang, L., Miao, S. ve Shi, C. (2021). “Road to Micro-Celebration: The Role of Mutation Strategy of Micro-Celebrity in Digital Media”, New Media & Society, 25/12, 1-22.
  • Chin, E. (1993). “Not of Whole Cloth Made: The Consumer Environment of Children”, Children’s Environments, 10/1, 72-84.
  • Cook, D. T. (2004). The Commodification of Childhood: The children’s Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer, Duke University Press, Durham.
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  • Ghani, M. A. ve Cambre, C. (2020). “Ethan’s Golden Youtube Play Button: The Evolution of a Child Influencer”, Mediated Interfaces: The Body on Social Media, (Ed: K. Warfield, C. Abidin, C. Cambre), Bloomsbury Publishing, New York.
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YOUTUBE, THE NEW BACKYARD OF CHILDREN: A STUDY ON COMMODIFICATION OF CHILDHOOD Abstract

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 71, 177 - 198, 03.11.2025

Hatice Kahraman Adıyaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1612647

Öz

Children have become content creators and sharers on their own channels in the social media age. The increasing popularity of channels starring children has enabled them to attain micro-celebrity status. Such fame at a tender age can result in substantial financial gains. This paper investigates the child's place within societal and economic structures, and examines the representation of these experiences through the lens of a YouTube channel. Through documentary analysis, this research explores a YouTube channel starring a child starting from preschool age. Data sources include videos, user-generated content, viewer comments, as well as the researcher’s observations and notes. The findings suggest that the child's role within their YouTube channel has remained static over time. The father's heavy involvement in creating and curating content has contributed to this stagnation, preventing the channel from growing. Although the child has been producing content for the channel since 2016, she is unable to solely control the videos. As a result of this study, “ebetron” was proposed as a new term.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Children’s culture industry Childhood sociology Consumer society Micro celebrity

Kaynakça

  • Adami, E. (2009). “Do YouTube?” When Communication Turns into Video e-nteraction”, Forms of Migration - Migration of Forms: Atti del XXIII Convegno Nazionale AIA, (Ed: D. Torretta, M. Dossena ve A. Sportelli), Progedit, Bari.
  • Adorno, T. W. (2013). Kültür Endüstrisi: Kültür Yönetimi, (Çev: N. Ülner, M. Tüzel ve E. Gen). 8. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, P. ve Baran, G. (2017). “Annelerin Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Özellikleri İle Çocukların Oyuncak Tercihleri ve Oynadıkları Oyun Türleri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/1, 102-136.
  • Alexander, V. D. (1994). “The Image of Children in Magazine Advertisements from 1905 to 1990”, Communication Research, 21/6, 742-765.
  • Alruwaily, A., Mangold, C., Greene, T., Arshonsky, J., Cassidy, O., Pomeranz, J. L. ve Bragg, M. (2020). “Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement”, Pediatrics, 146/5, 1-10.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). The Consumer Society: Myths & Structures. Sage Publications, Londra.
  • Bauman, Z. (1999). Çalışma, Tüketicilik ve Yeni yoksullar, (Çev: Ü. Öktem), Sarmal Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2010). Etiğin Tüketiciler Dünyasında Bir Şansı Var Mı? (Çev: İ. Katırcı), De Ki, Ankara.
  • Bauman, Z. (2012). Küreselleşme: Toplumsal Sonuçları, (Çev: A. Yılmaz), 4. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bauman, Z. (2018). Akışkan Hayat, (Çev. A. E. Pilgir), 1. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul. B ocock, R. (2009). Tüketim, (Çev. İ. Kutluk), 3. Baskı, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Bowen, A.G. (2009). “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method”, Qualitative Research Journal, 9/2, 27-40.
  • Brownell, C. A. ve Kopp, C. B. (2010). “Transitions in Toddler Socioemotional Development”, Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years: Transitions and Transformations, (Ed: C. A. Brownell ve C. B. Kopp), Guilford Press, New York, Londra.
  • Buckingham, D. (2007). “Selling Childhood? Children and Consumer Culture”, Journal of Children and Media, 1/1, 15-24.
  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). “Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing”, The Future of Children, 18/1, 205-234.
  • Chen, X., Jiang, L., Miao, S. ve Shi, C. (2021). “Road to Micro-Celebration: The Role of Mutation Strategy of Micro-Celebrity in Digital Media”, New Media & Society, 25/12, 1-22.
  • Chin, E. (1993). “Not of Whole Cloth Made: The Consumer Environment of Children”, Children’s Environments, 10/1, 72-84.
  • Cook, D. T. (2004). The Commodification of Childhood: The children’s Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer, Duke University Press, Durham.
  • Cook, D. T. (2020). The Moral Project of Childhood: Motherhood, Material Life, and Early Children’s Consumer Culture, New York University Press, New York.
  • deMause, L. (2006). “The Evolution of Childhood”. The History of Childhood: The Untold Story of Child Abuse, (Ed: L. deMause), Rowman&Littlefield, Lanham.
  • Ergüney, M. (2017). “İnternetin Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocuklar Üzerindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir Araştırma”, Ulakbilge, 5/17, 1917-1938.
  • Evans, N. J., Hoy, M. G. ve Childers, C. C. (2018). “Parenting “Youtube Natives”: The Impact of Pre-roll Advertising and Text Disclosures on Parental Responses to Sponsored Child Influencer Videos”, Journal of Advertising, 47/4, 326-346.
  • Feller, G. ve Burroughs, B. (2021). “Branding Kidfluencers: Regulating Content and Advertising on YouTube”, Television & New Media, 23/6, 575-592.
  • Fortunati, L. (2018). “Immaterial Labor”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, (Ed: G. Ritzer), 2. Baskı, Blackwell Publishing, Malden.
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx, Routledge, New York.
  • Ghani, M. A. ve Cambre, C. (2020). “Ethan’s Golden Youtube Play Button: The Evolution of a Child Influencer”, Mediated Interfaces: The Body on Social Media, (Ed: K. Warfield, C. Abidin, C. Cambre), Bloomsbury Publishing, New York.
  • Goodwin, R. N. (1997). “Volume Introduction”, The Consumer Society, (Ed: N. R. Goodwin, F. Ackerman ve D. Kiron), ISLAND PRESS, Washington, D. C.
  • Hardt, M. ve Negri, A. (2020). Çokluk, İmparatorluk Çağında Savaş ve Demokrasi, 3. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hearn, A. (2008). “Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the Contours of the Brandedself”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 8/2, 197-217.
  • Hearn, A. ve Schoenhoff, S. (2015). “From Celebrity to Influencer: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value Across the Data Stream”, A Companion to Celebrity, (Ed: P. D. Marshall ve S. Redmond), Wiley.
  • Hill, J. A. (2013). Deconstructing the Children’s Culture Industry: A Retrospective Analysis from Young People. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). British Columbia Üniversitesi
  • Horkheimer, M. ve Adorno, T. W. (2010). Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği: Felsefi Fragmanlar, (Çev: N. Ülner ve E. Öztarhan Karadoğan), Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Huizinga, J. (2006). Homo Ludens: Oyunun Toplumsal İşlevi Üzerine Bir Deneme, (Çev: M. A. Kılıçbay), 2. Baskı, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kırdar, Y. (2012). Postmodern Pazarlama ve Tüketim Kültürü, 1. Baskı, Moss Akademik, İstanbul.
  • Kim, J. (2012). “The Institutionalization of YouTube: From User-generated Content to Professionally Generated Content”, Media, Culture & Society, 34/1, 53-67.
  • Langer, B. (2002). “Commodified Enchantment: Children and Consumer Capitalism”, Thesis Eleven, 69/1, 67-81.
  • Langer, B. (2004). “The Business of Branded Enchantment: Ambivalence and Disjuncture in the Global Children’s Culture Industry”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 4/2, 251-277.
  • Lira, A. C. M., Yaegashi, S. F. R. ve Dominico, E. (2019). “Disguise Me That I Devour You: Children Youtubers, Consumption and Semi-Formation of the Child”, Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos em Educação, 14/esp.4, 1960-1976.
  • Livingstone, S. ve Rahali, M. (2022). “#SponsoredAds: Monitoring Influencer Marketing to Young Audiences”, Media Policy Brief 23. London: Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Livingstone, S., Carr, J. ve Byrne, J. (2016). “One in Three: Internet Governance and Children’s Rights. Innocenti Discussion Paper No. 2016-01”, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • Marsh, J. (2016). “Unboxing’videos: Co-construction of the Child as Cyberflâneur”, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37/3, 369-380.
  • Martinez, C. ve Olsson, T. (2019). “Making Sense of YouTubers: How Swedish Children Construct and Negotiate the YouTuber Misslisibell as a Girl Celebrity”, Journal of Children and Media, 13/1, 36-52.
  • Marwick, A.ve boyd, D. (2010). “I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the İmagined Audience,” New Media & Society, 13/1, 114–133.
  • Masterson, M. A. (2020). “When Play Becomes Work: Child Labor Laws in the Era of “Kidfluencers””, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 169/2, 577-607.
  • McRoberts, S., Bonsignore, E., Peyton, T. ve Yarosh, S. (2016). “Do It for the Viewers! Audience Engagement Behaviors of Young Youtubers”, 15. Uluslararası Etkileşim Tasarımı ve Çocuklar Konferansı, Manchester, 21-24 Haziran 2016.
  • Morse (1994). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods, Sage Publications, California.
  • O’Leary, Z. (2004). The Essential Guide to Doing Research, Sage Publications, London.
  • Ofcom (2017). Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/108182/children-parents-media-use-attitudes-2017.pdf
  • Özer, Ö. ve Dağtaş, E. (2011). Popüler Kültürün Hâkimiyeti, Bir Türkiye Hikâyesi, LİTERATÜRK, Konya.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri, 2. Baskı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Perse, E. M., Burton, P. I., Lears, M. E., Elizabeth S. Kovner ve Ruma, J. S. (1992). “Predicting Computer‐Mediated Communication in a College Class”, Communication Research Reports, 9/2, 161-170.
  • Postman, N. (1995). Çocukluğun Yokoluşu, (Çev: K. İnal), İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Rafsanjani, J. I. (2022). “Legal Protection of Kid Influencers From Child Exploitation”, Journal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 22/1, 93-104.
  • Raun, T. (2018). “Capitalizing Intimacy: New Subcultural Forms Of Micro-Celebrity Strategies and Affective Labour On YouTube”, Convergence, 24/1, 99-113.
  • Russell, R. ve Tyler, M. (2002). “Thank Heaven for Little Girls: `Girl Heaven’ and the Commercial Context of Feminine Childhood”, Sociology, 36/3, 619–637.
  • Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity And Community in The Age Of Social Media, Peter Lang, New York:
  • Senft, T. M. (2013). “Microcelebrity and the Branded Self”, A Companion To New Media Dynamics, 11, 346-354.
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  • TÜİK, (2018). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması, Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028
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  • Westenberg, W. M. (2016). The Influence of YouTubers on Teenagers: a Descriptive Research About The Role Youtubers Play in the Life of Their Teenage Viewers. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Twente Üniversitesi
  • Wunderman Thompson. (01.12.2016). The Future 100. Trends and Changes to Watch in 2017. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2018, https://www.wundermanthompson.com/insight/future-100-trends-change-2017
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 9. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara. Zelizer, V. A. (1985). Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children, Basic Books, New York.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yeni Medya, Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hatice Kahraman Adıyaman 0000-0002-7901-010X

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 71

Kaynak Göster

APA Kahraman Adıyaman, H. (2025). ÇOCUKLARIN YENİ ARKA BAHÇESİ YOUTUBE: METALAŞAN ÇOCUKLUK ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(71), 177-198. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1612647


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