Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 72, 198 - 208, 19.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1734411

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aimola, A. U. and Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). External debt, domestic debt and inflation in Nigeria: A multivariable granger-causality test. Econometric Research in Finance, 7(2), 143-169. https://doi.org/10.2478/erfin-2022-0005
  • Akan, Y. and Kanca, O. C. (2015). The relationship between external debt, economic growth and inflation in Turkey: VAR approach (1980-2013). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.103771
  • Çoban, O., Doğanalp, N. and Uysal, D. (2008). Türkiye'de kamu iç borçlanmanın makroekonomik etkileri. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 20, 245-255.
  • Demir, M. and Sever, E. (2008). The effects of public domestic debt on the rate of growth, interest and inflation. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(25), 170-196.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Ekinci, İ. and Eser, L. Y. (2023). The macroeconomic effects of domestic borrowing: Türkiye case. International Journal of Economics and Innovation, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1175144
  • Helmy, H. E. (2022). The external debt-inflation nexus in Egypt. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2802
  • IMF (2024). World economic outlook database, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October
  • Kadiroğlu, A. (2023). The effect of inflation and public debt on unemployment: an application on Türkiye. Journal of Abant Social Sciences, 23(2), 1200-1210. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1270565
  • Kanca, O. C. (2017). Domestic debt, inflation, economic growth: An econometric application for Turkey (1980-2014). Finance Politics & Economic Reviews, 54(627), 47-58.
  • Kırcı Çevik, N. and Cural, M. (2013). Causality between domestic debt, external debt, and economic growth: The case of Turkey over the period 1989-2012. Journal of Public Finance, 165, 115-139.
  • Kia, A. (2006). Deficits, debt financing, monetary policy and inflation in developing countries: Internal or external factors? Evidence from Iran. Journal of Asian Economics, 17(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.08.011
  • Mweni, F. T., Njuguna, A. and Oketch, T. (2016). The effect of external debt on inflation rate in Kenya, 1972-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 7(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v7n4p198
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
  • SBB (2024). T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kamu-kesimi-genel-dengesi/
  • TCMB (2024). T.C. Merkez Bankası, Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi (EVDS) https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • TCMB, EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_20
  • Ulusoy, A. and Erdem, H. F. (2014). The interaction of domestic debt and inflation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.11611/JMER193
  • Yeboah, M. A., Mallick, S. and Mohsin, M. (2016). Real effects of inflation on external debt in developing economies. Internation Journal of Finance and Economics, 21, 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1553
  • Yenipazarlı, A. and Demir, E. (2019). During the political stability period effect of external debt on inflation: Empirical analysis on Turkey. Econworld Working Paper, 1-13.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 72, 198 - 208, 19.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1734411

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aimola, A. U. and Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). External debt, domestic debt and inflation in Nigeria: A multivariable granger-causality test. Econometric Research in Finance, 7(2), 143-169. https://doi.org/10.2478/erfin-2022-0005
  • Akan, Y. and Kanca, O. C. (2015). The relationship between external debt, economic growth and inflation in Turkey: VAR approach (1980-2013). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.103771
  • Çoban, O., Doğanalp, N. and Uysal, D. (2008). Türkiye'de kamu iç borçlanmanın makroekonomik etkileri. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 20, 245-255.
  • Demir, M. and Sever, E. (2008). The effects of public domestic debt on the rate of growth, interest and inflation. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(25), 170-196.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Ekinci, İ. and Eser, L. Y. (2023). The macroeconomic effects of domestic borrowing: Türkiye case. International Journal of Economics and Innovation, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1175144
  • Helmy, H. E. (2022). The external debt-inflation nexus in Egypt. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2802
  • IMF (2024). World economic outlook database, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October
  • Kadiroğlu, A. (2023). The effect of inflation and public debt on unemployment: an application on Türkiye. Journal of Abant Social Sciences, 23(2), 1200-1210. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1270565
  • Kanca, O. C. (2017). Domestic debt, inflation, economic growth: An econometric application for Turkey (1980-2014). Finance Politics & Economic Reviews, 54(627), 47-58.
  • Kırcı Çevik, N. and Cural, M. (2013). Causality between domestic debt, external debt, and economic growth: The case of Turkey over the period 1989-2012. Journal of Public Finance, 165, 115-139.
  • Kia, A. (2006). Deficits, debt financing, monetary policy and inflation in developing countries: Internal or external factors? Evidence from Iran. Journal of Asian Economics, 17(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.08.011
  • Mweni, F. T., Njuguna, A. and Oketch, T. (2016). The effect of external debt on inflation rate in Kenya, 1972-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 7(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v7n4p198
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
  • SBB (2024). T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kamu-kesimi-genel-dengesi/
  • TCMB (2024). T.C. Merkez Bankası, Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi (EVDS) https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • TCMB, EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_20
  • Ulusoy, A. and Erdem, H. F. (2014). The interaction of domestic debt and inflation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.11611/JMER193
  • Yeboah, M. A., Mallick, S. and Mohsin, M. (2016). Real effects of inflation on external debt in developing economies. Internation Journal of Finance and Economics, 21, 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1553
  • Yenipazarlı, A. and Demir, E. (2019). During the political stability period effect of external debt on inflation: Empirical analysis on Turkey. Econworld Working Paper, 1-13.

TÜRKİYE’DE İÇ VE DIŞ BORÇLANMANIN ENFLASYON ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 72, 198 - 208, 19.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1734411

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de iç ve dış borçlanmanın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisini Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikmeli (ARDL) eşbütünleşme yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Kamu borçlanması, vergilendirmenin yanı sıra hükümetlerin önemli bir finansman aracıdır ve politika yapıcılar ekonomik koşullar ile finansman ihtiyaçlarına göre borçlanma araçlarını seçmektedir. Bulgularımız, borç türlerinin enflasyon üzerinde kısa ve uzun vadede farklı etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun vadede, iç borç stokundaki %1’lik bir artış enflasyonu %0,3 azaltmaktadır. Dış borç stokundaki %1’lik bir artış ise enflasyonu %0,88 artırdığı görülmektedir. Kısa vade sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise iç borçlanmada meydana gelen %1’lik artış enflasyonu %0,02 oranında hafifçe yükseltirken, dış borçlanmayı %0,5 oranında azaltmaktadır. Hata düzeltme katsayılarının negatif ve önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum değişkenler arasında istikrarlı bir uzun dönem ilişkisini teyit etmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, Türkiye’de enflasyonist baskıların azaltılması ve makroekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasında dikkatli borç yönetiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Borçlanmaya başvurulacağı zaman borcun süresi, faiz oranı ve ülkenin içinde bulunduğu o dönemdeki ekonomik durum göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla dönemsel olarak enflasyon üzerinde yaratacağı etkiyi yönetebilmek için dikkat edilmesi önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aimola, A. U. and Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). External debt, domestic debt and inflation in Nigeria: A multivariable granger-causality test. Econometric Research in Finance, 7(2), 143-169. https://doi.org/10.2478/erfin-2022-0005
  • Akan, Y. and Kanca, O. C. (2015). The relationship between external debt, economic growth and inflation in Turkey: VAR approach (1980-2013). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.103771
  • Çoban, O., Doğanalp, N. and Uysal, D. (2008). Türkiye'de kamu iç borçlanmanın makroekonomik etkileri. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 20, 245-255.
  • Demir, M. and Sever, E. (2008). The effects of public domestic debt on the rate of growth, interest and inflation. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(25), 170-196.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Ekinci, İ. and Eser, L. Y. (2023). The macroeconomic effects of domestic borrowing: Türkiye case. International Journal of Economics and Innovation, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1175144
  • Helmy, H. E. (2022). The external debt-inflation nexus in Egypt. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2802
  • IMF (2024). World economic outlook database, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October
  • Kadiroğlu, A. (2023). The effect of inflation and public debt on unemployment: an application on Türkiye. Journal of Abant Social Sciences, 23(2), 1200-1210. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1270565
  • Kanca, O. C. (2017). Domestic debt, inflation, economic growth: An econometric application for Turkey (1980-2014). Finance Politics & Economic Reviews, 54(627), 47-58.
  • Kırcı Çevik, N. and Cural, M. (2013). Causality between domestic debt, external debt, and economic growth: The case of Turkey over the period 1989-2012. Journal of Public Finance, 165, 115-139.
  • Kia, A. (2006). Deficits, debt financing, monetary policy and inflation in developing countries: Internal or external factors? Evidence from Iran. Journal of Asian Economics, 17(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.08.011
  • Mweni, F. T., Njuguna, A. and Oketch, T. (2016). The effect of external debt on inflation rate in Kenya, 1972-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 7(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v7n4p198
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
  • SBB (2024). T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kamu-kesimi-genel-dengesi/
  • TCMB (2024). T.C. Merkez Bankası, Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi (EVDS) https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • TCMB, EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_20
  • Ulusoy, A. and Erdem, H. F. (2014). The interaction of domestic debt and inflation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.11611/JMER193
  • Yeboah, M. A., Mallick, S. and Mohsin, M. (2016). Real effects of inflation on external debt in developing economies. Internation Journal of Finance and Economics, 21, 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1553
  • Yenipazarlı, A. and Demir, E. (2019). During the political stability period effect of external debt on inflation: Empirical analysis on Turkey. Econworld Working Paper, 1-13.

THE EFFECT OF DOMESTIC AND EXTERNAL DEBT ON INFLATION IN TURKIYE: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 72, 198 - 208, 19.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1734411

Öz

This study investigates the impact of domestic and external public debt on inflation in Turkiye using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration method. Public debt is a vital government financing tool alongside taxation, with policymakers selecting debt instruments based on economic conditions and financing needs. Our empirical findings demonstrate that different types of public debt exert distinct effects on inflation in both the short and long run. In the long run, a 1% increase in the domestic debt stock reduces inflation by 0.3%, while a 1% increase in the external debt stock increases it by 0.88%. In the short run, the dynamics exhibit a reversal. A 1% rise in domestic debt slightly increases inflation by 0.02%, whereas a similar increase in external debt reduces it by 0.5%. It has been determined that the error correction coefficients were found to be negative and significant. This fact confirms a stable long-term relationship between the variables. These results highlight the critical role of careful debt management in controlling inflationary pressures and supporting macroeconomic stability in Turkiye. When borrowing is considered, it is essential to take into account the maturity of the debt, the interest rate, and the prevailing economic conditions of the country. Therefore, careful attention is required in order to manage the potential impact on inflation over time.

Kaynakça

  • Aimola, A. U. and Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). External debt, domestic debt and inflation in Nigeria: A multivariable granger-causality test. Econometric Research in Finance, 7(2), 143-169. https://doi.org/10.2478/erfin-2022-0005
  • Akan, Y. and Kanca, O. C. (2015). The relationship between external debt, economic growth and inflation in Turkey: VAR approach (1980-2013). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.103771
  • Çoban, O., Doğanalp, N. and Uysal, D. (2008). Türkiye'de kamu iç borçlanmanın makroekonomik etkileri. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 20, 245-255.
  • Demir, M. and Sever, E. (2008). The effects of public domestic debt on the rate of growth, interest and inflation. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(25), 170-196.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Ekinci, İ. and Eser, L. Y. (2023). The macroeconomic effects of domestic borrowing: Türkiye case. International Journal of Economics and Innovation, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1175144
  • Helmy, H. E. (2022). The external debt-inflation nexus in Egypt. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2802
  • IMF (2024). World economic outlook database, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October
  • Kadiroğlu, A. (2023). The effect of inflation and public debt on unemployment: an application on Türkiye. Journal of Abant Social Sciences, 23(2), 1200-1210. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1270565
  • Kanca, O. C. (2017). Domestic debt, inflation, economic growth: An econometric application for Turkey (1980-2014). Finance Politics & Economic Reviews, 54(627), 47-58.
  • Kırcı Çevik, N. and Cural, M. (2013). Causality between domestic debt, external debt, and economic growth: The case of Turkey over the period 1989-2012. Journal of Public Finance, 165, 115-139.
  • Kia, A. (2006). Deficits, debt financing, monetary policy and inflation in developing countries: Internal or external factors? Evidence from Iran. Journal of Asian Economics, 17(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.08.011
  • Mweni, F. T., Njuguna, A. and Oketch, T. (2016). The effect of external debt on inflation rate in Kenya, 1972-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 7(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v7n4p198
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
  • SBB (2024). T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kamu-kesimi-genel-dengesi/
  • TCMB (2024). T.C. Merkez Bankası, Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi (EVDS) https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • TCMB, EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_20
  • Ulusoy, A. and Erdem, H. F. (2014). The interaction of domestic debt and inflation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.11611/JMER193
  • Yeboah, M. A., Mallick, S. and Mohsin, M. (2016). Real effects of inflation on external debt in developing economies. Internation Journal of Finance and Economics, 21, 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1553
  • Yenipazarlı, A. and Demir, E. (2019). During the political stability period effect of external debt on inflation: Empirical analysis on Turkey. Econworld Working Paper, 1-13.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Enflasyon, Maliye Politikası, Para Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nedim Mercan 0000-0002-7604-6828

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 9 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 72

Kaynak Göster

APA Mercan, N. (2026). THE EFFECT OF DOMESTIC AND EXTERNAL DEBT ON INFLATION IN TURKIYE: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(72), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1734411


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