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INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY

Yıl 2019, , 117 - 129, 22.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.455830

Öz

Because marketing of destinations requires a collaborative approach based on a destination’s complex and nested nature, Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) aim to facilitate this notion. A DMO that is a non-party organisation and represents the tourism industry acts as a glue in terms of creating a favourable destination experience that attracts both tourists and investors. That glue among the stakeholders requires internal destination marketing (IDM) as a strategic tool to generate established support and a powerful synergy at the same time. This study will outline the dimensions of IDM by conducting qualitative analysis through a case study. 

Kaynakça

  • (2007) A Practical Guide to Tourism Destination Management World Tourism Organization Madrid, SpainBallantyne, D. (1997). Internal networks for Internal Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 13, 343-366.Ballantyne, D. (2003). A relationship-mediated theory of IM. European Journal of Marketing, 37(9), 1242 – 1260.Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8-14.Beritelli, P. (2011). Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 607–629.Beritelli, P., Buffa, F. & Martini, U. (2016). Logics and interlocking directorships in a multi-stakeholder system. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. article in press. Berry, L.L., Hensel, J.S., & Burke, M.C. (1976). Improving retailer capability for effective consumerism response. Journal of Retailing, 52(3), 3-14.Bornhorst, T., Ritchie, J.R.B. & Sheehan, L. (2010). Determinants of tourism success for DMOs & destinations: an empirical examination of stakeholders’ perspectives. Tourism Management, 31, 572–589.Bryman, A.,& Bell,E.(2011). Business research methods (3rd ed.).Oxford: Oxford University Press.Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.Cox, N. Gyrd-Jones, R. & Gardine, S. (2014). Internal brand management of destination brands: Exploring the roles of destination management organisations and operators. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 85–95.Crick, P. A. (2002). Internal Marketing of attitudes in Caribbean tourism, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(3), 161 – 166.d’Angella, F., & Go, F.M. (2009). Tale of two cities’ collaborative tourism marketing: towards a theory of destination stakeholder assessment. Tourism Management, 30, 429–440.Daniel, M., Bogdan, G., & Daniel, Z. (2012). Strategies for interactive communication, with external and internal stakeholders, in events’ marketing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5361-5365.Decrop, A. (2004) Trustworthiness in qualitative tourism research In Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (Eds.). (2004). Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies (Vol. 14). Psychology Press.Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tourism Management, 30, 63–74.Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550.Elbe, J. & Emmoth, A. (2014). The use of rhetoric in legitimation strategies when mobilizing destination stakeholders. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 210–217.Elbe, J., Hallén, L., & Axelsson, B. (2009). The destination-management organization and the integrative destination-marketing process. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 283–296.Finney, S., & Scherrebeck, M.H. (2010). Internal Marketing as a change management tool: a case study in re-branding. Journal of Marketing Communications, 16(5), 325-344.Foreman, S. K., & Money, A. H. (1995). Internal Marketing: concepts, measurement and application. Journal of Marketing Management, 11, 755-768.Fu, Y. (2013) The influence of internal marketing by airlines on customer-oriented behavior: A test of the mediating effect of emotional labor. Journal of Air Transport Management, 32, 49-57.Fyall, A., Callod, C., & Edwards, B. (2003). Relationship marketing: the challenge for destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 644–659.Fyall, A., Garrod, B. & Wang, Y. (2012). Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1 (1–2), 10–26.García, A.J., Gómez, M., & Molina, A. (2012). A destination-branding model: an empirical analysis based on stakeholders. Tourism Management, 33, 646-661.Garrod, B., Fyall, A., Leask, A., & Reid, E. (2012). Engaging residents as stakeholders of the visitor attraction. Tourism Management, 33, 1159-1173.Govers, R., & Go, F. (2009). Place branding glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Palgrave Macmillan.Grangsjö, Y.F. (2003). Destination networking: co-opetition in peripheral surroundings. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(5), 427-448.Hankinson, G. (2009). Managing destination brands: establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(1-2), 97-115.Haven-Tang, C. & Sedgley, D. (2014). Partnership working in enhancing the destination brand of rural areas: A case study of Made in Monmouthshire, Wales, UK. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 59–67.Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research, 15(9), 1277-1288.Hvass, K.A. (2014). To fund or not to fund: A critical look at funding destination Marketing campaigns. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 173–179.Kang, G. D., James, J., & Alexandris, K. (2002). Measurement of internal service guality: application of the servqual battery to internal service quality. Managing Service Quality, 12(5), 278-291.Kelemen, M. & Papasolomou, I. (2007). Internal marketing: a qualitative study of culture change in the UK banking sector. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(7-8), 745-767.Kemp, E., Williams, H. K., & Bordelon, M. B. (2012). The impact of marketing on internal stakeholders in destination branding: the case of a musical city. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(2), 121–133.King, C. & Grace, D. (2005). Exploring the role of employees in the delivery of the brand: a case study approach, qualitative market research. An International Journal, 8(3), 277-295.Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing Management: analysis, planning and control. (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Költringer, C. & Dickinger, A. (2015) Analyzing destination branding and image from online sources: A web content mining approach. Journal of Business Research, 68, 1836–1843.Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.Kuzel, A. (1999). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In Doing qualitative research, ed. B. Crabtree & W. Miller, 31–44. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Kylänen, M. & Rusko, R. (2011). Unintentional coopetition in the service industries: The case of Pyhä-Luosto tourism destination in the Finnish Lapland. European Management Journal, 29(3), 193-205.Lin, C. F., & Lin, Y. Y. (2010). Internal and external marketing for exotic restaurants. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 13, 193–216.Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (Vol. 75). Sage Publications.Line, N.D. & Runyan, R.C. (2014). Destination marketing and the service-dominant logic: A resource-based operationalization of strategic marketing assets. Tourism Management, 43 91-102.Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage publications.Morgan, N. J., Pritchard, A., & Piggott, R. (2003). Destination branding and the role of the stakeholders: the case of New Zealand. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(39), 285–299.Morgan, N.J. & Pritchard, A. (2000). Advertising in tourism and leisure advertising. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Mosahab, R., Mahamad, O., & Ramayah, T. (2011). Motivational Orientation as an IM Tool in Service Training: a study of service delivery in a hospital. Intemational Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 93-100.Neuman, L. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.) Pearson: Boston.Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research. The Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol12/iss2/9Palmer, A. (1996). Linking external and internal relationship building in networks of public and private sector organizations: a case study. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 9(3), 51-60. Papasolomou-Doukakis , I. (2003). Internal marketing in the UK retail banking sector: rhetoric or reality. Journal of Marketing Management, 19, 197-224.Pearce, D.G. (2015). Destination management in New Zealand: Structures and functions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4, 1–12.Pereira, R.L.G., Correia, A.H. & Schutz R.L.A. (2015). Towards a taxonomy of a golf-destination brand personality: Insights from the Algarve golf industry. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4 (1) 57–67.Pike, S. & Page, S.J. (2014) Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41, 202-227.Pike, S. (2004). Destination Marketing Organisations. Elsevier, London.Pike, S. (2005). Tourism destination branding complexity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(4), 258 – 259.Presenza, A., Sheehan, L., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2005). Towards a model of the roles and activities of destination management organizations. Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Science, 3, 1-16.Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. K. (1993). The scope of Internal marketing: defining the boundary between marketing and human resource management. Journal of Marketing Management, 9, 219-232.Ritchie, J.R.B. & Crouch, I.G. (2003). The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.Saad, N.M., Ahmed, P.K., Rafiq, M. (2002). Internal marketing: using marketing-like approaches to build business competencies and improve performance in large Malaysian Corporations. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 7(2), 27–53.Sainaghi, R. (2006). From contents to processes: versus a dynamic destination management model (DDMM). Tourism Management, 27,1053-1063.Sheehan, L.R., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2005). Destination stakeholders: exploring identity and salience. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 711-734.Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(1), 77-100.Tsai, Y., & Wu, S.W. (2011). Using Internal marketing to improve organizational commitment and service quality. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67 (12), 2593-2604.Turkoz, I., & Akyol, A. (2008). Internal marketing and hotel performance. Anatolia: An International. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(1), 149-177.Varey, R. J. (1995). A model of Internal marketing for building and sustaining a competitive service advantage. Journal of Marketing Management, 11, 41-54.Volgger, M. & Pechlaner, H. (2014) Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management, 41, 64-75.Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Zin, R. M. (2010). Internal marketing as an agent of change - implementing a new human resource information system for Malaysian Airlines. Journal of General Management, 36(1), 21-41.Wang, Y., & Fesenmaier, D.R. (2007). Collaborative destination marketing: a case study of Elkhart county, Indiana. Tourism Management, 28, 863–875.Werner, K. Dickso, G. & Hyde, K.F. (2016). Mega-events and increased collaborative capacity of tourism destinations: The case of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 227-238.Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.Zehrer, A. & Hallmann, K. (2015). A stakeholder perspective on policy indicators of destination competitiveness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4, 120–126.Żemła, M. (2014). Inter-destination cooperation: Forms, facilitators and inhibitors – The case of Poland. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 241–252.

İÇSEL DESTİNASYON PAZARLAMASI: BİR ÖRNEK OLAY ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2019, , 117 - 129, 22.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.455830

Öz

Destinasyonun içiçe geçmiş karmaşık yapısı dolayısıyla pazarlanması işbirliği gerektirdiğinden, Destinasyon Pazarlama Örgütleri bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye yarayan üst yapıyı temsil etmektedir. Tarafsız bir örgüt olarak destinasyon pazarlama örgütleri turistleri ve yatırımcıları destinasyona çekecek, aynı zamanda doğru bir destinasyon tecrübesi yaratacak işbirliği çalışmalarını yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmaları yürütürken paydaşların desteklerini almak ve güçlü bir sinerji yaratabilmek için içsel pazarlamaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, içsel destinasyon pazarlama kavramını bir örnek olay çalışması ile açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • (2007) A Practical Guide to Tourism Destination Management World Tourism Organization Madrid, SpainBallantyne, D. (1997). Internal networks for Internal Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 13, 343-366.Ballantyne, D. (2003). A relationship-mediated theory of IM. European Journal of Marketing, 37(9), 1242 – 1260.Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8-14.Beritelli, P. (2011). Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 607–629.Beritelli, P., Buffa, F. & Martini, U. (2016). Logics and interlocking directorships in a multi-stakeholder system. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. article in press. Berry, L.L., Hensel, J.S., & Burke, M.C. (1976). Improving retailer capability for effective consumerism response. Journal of Retailing, 52(3), 3-14.Bornhorst, T., Ritchie, J.R.B. & Sheehan, L. (2010). Determinants of tourism success for DMOs & destinations: an empirical examination of stakeholders’ perspectives. Tourism Management, 31, 572–589.Bryman, A.,& Bell,E.(2011). Business research methods (3rd ed.).Oxford: Oxford University Press.Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.Cox, N. Gyrd-Jones, R. & Gardine, S. (2014). Internal brand management of destination brands: Exploring the roles of destination management organisations and operators. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 85–95.Crick, P. A. (2002). Internal Marketing of attitudes in Caribbean tourism, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(3), 161 – 166.d’Angella, F., & Go, F.M. (2009). Tale of two cities’ collaborative tourism marketing: towards a theory of destination stakeholder assessment. Tourism Management, 30, 429–440.Daniel, M., Bogdan, G., & Daniel, Z. (2012). Strategies for interactive communication, with external and internal stakeholders, in events’ marketing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5361-5365.Decrop, A. (2004) Trustworthiness in qualitative tourism research In Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (Eds.). (2004). Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies (Vol. 14). Psychology Press.Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tourism Management, 30, 63–74.Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550.Elbe, J. & Emmoth, A. (2014). The use of rhetoric in legitimation strategies when mobilizing destination stakeholders. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 210–217.Elbe, J., Hallén, L., & Axelsson, B. (2009). The destination-management organization and the integrative destination-marketing process. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 283–296.Finney, S., & Scherrebeck, M.H. (2010). Internal Marketing as a change management tool: a case study in re-branding. Journal of Marketing Communications, 16(5), 325-344.Foreman, S. K., & Money, A. H. (1995). Internal Marketing: concepts, measurement and application. Journal of Marketing Management, 11, 755-768.Fu, Y. (2013) The influence of internal marketing by airlines on customer-oriented behavior: A test of the mediating effect of emotional labor. Journal of Air Transport Management, 32, 49-57.Fyall, A., Callod, C., & Edwards, B. (2003). Relationship marketing: the challenge for destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 644–659.Fyall, A., Garrod, B. & Wang, Y. (2012). Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1 (1–2), 10–26.García, A.J., Gómez, M., & Molina, A. (2012). A destination-branding model: an empirical analysis based on stakeholders. Tourism Management, 33, 646-661.Garrod, B., Fyall, A., Leask, A., & Reid, E. (2012). Engaging residents as stakeholders of the visitor attraction. Tourism Management, 33, 1159-1173.Govers, R., & Go, F. (2009). Place branding glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Palgrave Macmillan.Grangsjö, Y.F. (2003). Destination networking: co-opetition in peripheral surroundings. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(5), 427-448.Hankinson, G. (2009). Managing destination brands: establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(1-2), 97-115.Haven-Tang, C. & Sedgley, D. (2014). Partnership working in enhancing the destination brand of rural areas: A case study of Made in Monmouthshire, Wales, UK. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 59–67.Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research, 15(9), 1277-1288.Hvass, K.A. (2014). To fund or not to fund: A critical look at funding destination Marketing campaigns. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 173–179.Kang, G. D., James, J., & Alexandris, K. (2002). Measurement of internal service guality: application of the servqual battery to internal service quality. Managing Service Quality, 12(5), 278-291.Kelemen, M. & Papasolomou, I. (2007). Internal marketing: a qualitative study of culture change in the UK banking sector. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(7-8), 745-767.Kemp, E., Williams, H. K., & Bordelon, M. B. (2012). The impact of marketing on internal stakeholders in destination branding: the case of a musical city. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(2), 121–133.King, C. & Grace, D. (2005). Exploring the role of employees in the delivery of the brand: a case study approach, qualitative market research. An International Journal, 8(3), 277-295.Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing Management: analysis, planning and control. (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Költringer, C. & Dickinger, A. (2015) Analyzing destination branding and image from online sources: A web content mining approach. Journal of Business Research, 68, 1836–1843.Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.Kuzel, A. (1999). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In Doing qualitative research, ed. B. Crabtree & W. Miller, 31–44. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Kylänen, M. & Rusko, R. (2011). Unintentional coopetition in the service industries: The case of Pyhä-Luosto tourism destination in the Finnish Lapland. European Management Journal, 29(3), 193-205.Lin, C. F., & Lin, Y. Y. (2010). Internal and external marketing for exotic restaurants. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 13, 193–216.Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (Vol. 75). Sage Publications.Line, N.D. & Runyan, R.C. (2014). Destination marketing and the service-dominant logic: A resource-based operationalization of strategic marketing assets. Tourism Management, 43 91-102.Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage publications.Morgan, N. J., Pritchard, A., & Piggott, R. (2003). Destination branding and the role of the stakeholders: the case of New Zealand. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(39), 285–299.Morgan, N.J. & Pritchard, A. (2000). Advertising in tourism and leisure advertising. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Mosahab, R., Mahamad, O., & Ramayah, T. (2011). Motivational Orientation as an IM Tool in Service Training: a study of service delivery in a hospital. Intemational Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 93-100.Neuman, L. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.) Pearson: Boston.Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research. The Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol12/iss2/9Palmer, A. (1996). Linking external and internal relationship building in networks of public and private sector organizations: a case study. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 9(3), 51-60. Papasolomou-Doukakis , I. (2003). Internal marketing in the UK retail banking sector: rhetoric or reality. Journal of Marketing Management, 19, 197-224.Pearce, D.G. (2015). Destination management in New Zealand: Structures and functions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4, 1–12.Pereira, R.L.G., Correia, A.H. & Schutz R.L.A. (2015). Towards a taxonomy of a golf-destination brand personality: Insights from the Algarve golf industry. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4 (1) 57–67.Pike, S. & Page, S.J. (2014) Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41, 202-227.Pike, S. (2004). Destination Marketing Organisations. Elsevier, London.Pike, S. (2005). Tourism destination branding complexity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(4), 258 – 259.Presenza, A., Sheehan, L., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2005). Towards a model of the roles and activities of destination management organizations. Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Science, 3, 1-16.Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. K. (1993). The scope of Internal marketing: defining the boundary between marketing and human resource management. Journal of Marketing Management, 9, 219-232.Ritchie, J.R.B. & Crouch, I.G. (2003). The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.Saad, N.M., Ahmed, P.K., Rafiq, M. (2002). Internal marketing: using marketing-like approaches to build business competencies and improve performance in large Malaysian Corporations. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 7(2), 27–53.Sainaghi, R. (2006). From contents to processes: versus a dynamic destination management model (DDMM). Tourism Management, 27,1053-1063.Sheehan, L.R., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2005). Destination stakeholders: exploring identity and salience. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 711-734.Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(1), 77-100.Tsai, Y., & Wu, S.W. (2011). Using Internal marketing to improve organizational commitment and service quality. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67 (12), 2593-2604.Turkoz, I., & Akyol, A. (2008). Internal marketing and hotel performance. Anatolia: An International. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(1), 149-177.Varey, R. J. (1995). A model of Internal marketing for building and sustaining a competitive service advantage. Journal of Marketing Management, 11, 41-54.Volgger, M. & Pechlaner, H. (2014) Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management, 41, 64-75.Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Zin, R. M. (2010). Internal marketing as an agent of change - implementing a new human resource information system for Malaysian Airlines. Journal of General Management, 36(1), 21-41.Wang, Y., & Fesenmaier, D.R. (2007). Collaborative destination marketing: a case study of Elkhart county, Indiana. Tourism Management, 28, 863–875.Werner, K. Dickso, G. & Hyde, K.F. (2016). Mega-events and increased collaborative capacity of tourism destinations: The case of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 227-238.Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.Zehrer, A. & Hallmann, K. (2015). A stakeholder perspective on policy indicators of destination competitiveness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4, 120–126.Żemła, M. (2014). Inter-destination cooperation: Forms, facilitators and inhibitors – The case of Poland. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3, 241–252.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçe Özdemir 0000-0003-1913-3834

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2019
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, G. (2019). INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(36), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.455830
AMA Özdemir G. INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY. PAUSBED. Temmuz 2019;(36):117-129. doi:10.30794/pausbed.455830
Chicago Özdemir, Gökçe. “INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 36 (Temmuz 2019): 117-29. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.455830.
EndNote Özdemir G (01 Temmuz 2019) INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 36 117–129.
IEEE G. Özdemir, “INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY”, PAUSBED, sy. 36, ss. 117–129, Temmuz 2019, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.455830.
ISNAD Özdemir, Gökçe. “INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 36 (Temmuz 2019), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.455830.
JAMA Özdemir G. INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY. PAUSBED. 2019;:117–129.
MLA Özdemir, Gökçe. “INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 36, 2019, ss. 117-29, doi:10.30794/pausbed.455830.
Vancouver Özdemir G. INTERNAL DESTINATION MARKETING: A CASE STUDY. PAUSBED. 2019(36):117-29.