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THE ANALYSIS OF INFLATION AND INFLATION UNCERTAINTY RELATIONSHIP IN TERMS OF TURKISH ECONOMY

Yıl 2021, , 305 - 320, 02.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779618

Öz

It is based on the Friedman-Ball and Cukierman-Meltzer hypotheses theoretical foundations of the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty discussions. Friedman-Ball hypothesis shows an increase in inflation as the cause of inflation uncertainty. Cukierman-Meltzer hypothesis expresses the uncertainty of inflation as the reason for the increase in inflation. Although the two approaches differ from each other in terms of the causality of the relationship in question. Both of these approaches base the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty on the central bank's monetary policy behavior. In this context, it is expected to contribute to the literature both in terms of theoretical discussions and econometric practice of this paper. This study aimed to examine the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Turkish economy during the period 2008-2019. In this context, inflation uncertainty series was obtained Autoregressive Moving Average-Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Variance modeling is applied quarterly consumer price index inflation rate series of Turkey's for the period 2008-2019. The relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty has been estimated using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method. Then, Vector Autoregressive Model Granger causality test method was applied. Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares estimation results reveal that inflation uncertainty positively affects inflation in Turkish economy during the period 2008-2019. Vector Autoregressive Model Granger causality test results show that inflation has an effect on inflation uncertainty in Turkish economy for the specified period. Obtained econometric results revealed that Friedman-Ball and Cukierman-Meltzer hypotheses were valid in Turkish economy.

Kaynakça

  • Akyazı, H. ve Artan, S. (2004). “Türkiye’de Enflasyon-Enflasyon Belirsizliği İlişkisi Ve Enflasyon Hedeflemesinin Enflasyon Belirsizliğini Azaltmadaki Rolü”, Bankacılar Dergisi, 48, 3-17.
  • Ananzeh, I. E. N., Jdaitawi, Q. M. ve Alwan, B. M. (2014). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Jordan Evidence From GARCH Modeling”, International Business and Management, 8(1), 5-9.
  • Ball, L. (1992). “Why Does High Inflation Raise Inflation-Uncertainty?”, Monetary Economics, 29, 371-388.
  • Bamanga, M. A., Musa, U., Salihu, A., Udoette, U. S., Adejo, V. T., Edem, O. N., Bukar, H. ve Udechukwu-Peterclaver, C. T. (2016). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Nigeria: A Test of the Friedman’s Hypothesis”, CBN Journal of Applied Statistics, 7(1), 147-169.
  • Barimah, A. (2014). “Exponential GARCH Modelling of the Inflation-Inflation Uncertainty Relationship for Ghana”, Modern Economy, 5, 506-519.
  • Barnett, W. A., Ftiti, Z. ve Jawadi, F. (2018). The Causal Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty, Working Paper Series in Theoretical and Applied Economics 201803, University of Kansas Department of Economics.
  • Berument, H. ve Dincer, N. N. (2005). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the G-7 Countries”, Physica A, 348(2005), 371–379.
  • Bollerslev T. (1986). “Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity”, Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307-327.
  • Bredin, D. ve Fountas, S. (2010). US Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in a Historical Perspective: The impact of Recessions, UCD Geary Institute Discussion Paper Series WP2010/53.
  • Caporale, G. M., Onorante, L. ve Paesani, P. (2009). Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Euro Area, Discussion Papers ISSN 1749-3412 Centre for International Capital Markets.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2011). Inflation and Inflation‐Uncertainty in India: The Policy Implications of the Relationship. Marquette University Department of Economics Working Paper 2011‐04, https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context= econ_workingpapers , (25.03.2020).
  • Chowdhury, K. B. ve Sarkar, N. (2014). “The Effect of Inflation on Inflation Uncertainty in the G7 Countries: A Double Threshold GARCH Model”, International Econometric Review (IER), http://www.era.org.tr/makaleler/ 22100102.pdf, (22.02.2020).
  • Cukierman, A. ve Meltzer, A. H. (1986). “A Theory of Ambiguity, Credibility and İnflation Under Discretion and Asymmetric İnformation”, Econometrica, 54(5), 1099-1128.
  • Daal, E., Naka, A. ve Sanchez, B. (2004). Re-Examining Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Developed and Emerging Countries, Department of Economics and Finance Working Papers, 1991-2006. Paper 26, http://scholarworks.uno.edu/econ_wp/26, (15.03.2020).
  • Dogru, B. (2014). Inflation and inflation uncertainty in Turkey. MPRA Paper No. 61384, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61384/. (13.03.2020).
  • Engle, R. (1982). “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation”, Econometrica, 50, 987-1007.
  • Entezarkheir, M. (2006). “The Relation Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty In Iran”, Iranian Economic Review, 10(17), 1-20.
  • Erkam, S. (2008). “Enflasyon ve Enflasyon Belirsizliği: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyo Ekonomi, 2008-1/080108, 157-174.
  • Ferreira, D. ve Palma, A. A. (2018). Inflation and İnflation Uncertainty in Latin America: A Time-Varying Stochastic Volatility in Mean Approach, Anais do XLIV Encontro Nacional de Economia Proceedings of the 44th Brazilian Economics Meeting 125, ANPEC.
  • Fischer, S. (1981). “Towards on Understanding of the Cost of Inflation”, II. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 15(1), 5-41.
  • Fountas, S., Loannidis, A. ve Kranasos, M. (2003). “Inflation, İnflation Uncertainty, and A Common European Monetary Policy”, Manchester School, 72 (2), 221-242.
  • Friedman, M. (1977). “Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment”, Political Economy, 85, 451-472.
  • Hachicha, A. ve Lean, H. H. (2013). Inflation, inflation uncertainty and output in Tunisia. Discussion Paper No. 2013-1, http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2013-1, (17.02.2020).
  • Holland, A. S. (1995). “Inflation and Uncertainty: Test for Temporal Ordering”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(3), 827-837.
  • Javed, S. A. ve Khan, S. A. (2010). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: a GARCH Application - An Appraisal from Pakistan”, International Conference On Applied Economics – ICOAE 2010.
  • Johnson, D. (2002). “The Effect of Inflation Targeting on the Behavior of Expected Inflation: Evidence from an 11 Country Panel”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(8), 1521-1538.
  • Karahan (2012). “The Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Evidence from the Turkish Economy”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 219-228.
  • Kontonikas, A. (2004). “Inflation and İnflation Uncertainty in the United Kingdom Evidence from GARCH Modelling”, Economic Modelling, 21(3), 525-543.
  • Kranasos, M. ve Shurer, S. (2008). “Is The Relationship Between İnflation and İts Uncertainty Linear?”, German Economic Review, 9(3), 265-286.
  • Mohd, S. H., Baharumshah, A. Z. ve Fountas, S. (2013). “Inflation, İnflation Uncertainty and Output Growth: Recent Evidence from ASEAN-5 Countries”, The Singapore Economic Review, 58(4), 1350030-1-135030-17.
  • Oltulular, S. ve Terzi, H. (2006). Yüksek enflasyon enflasyon belirsizliğini arttırıyor mu?. Ekonometrik ve İstatistik, 3, 1-22.
  • Oteng-Abayie, E. F. ve Doe, S. K. (2013). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Ghana”, Journal of Business Management and Economics, 4(12), 259-266.
  • Özer, M. ve Türkyılmaz, S. (2005).” Türkiye’de Enflasyon İle Enflasyon Belirsizliği Arasındaki İlişkinin Zaman Serisi Analizi”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 20(229), 93-104.
  • Payne, J. E. (2009). “Inflation Targeting and Inflation-Inflation Uncertainty Relationship: Evidence from Thailand”, Applied Economics Letters, 16, 233–238.
  • Rizvi, S. K. A. ve Naqvi, B. (2010). “Asymmetric Behavior of Inflation Uncertainty and Friedman-Ball Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan”, The Lahore Journal of Economics, 15(2), 1-33.
  • Saatçioğlu, C. ve Korap, L. (2009). “New Time Series Evidence for the Causality Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Turkish Economy”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 235-248.
  • Sever, E. ve Demir, M. (2008). “Enflasyon Hedeflemesi Sürecinde Enflasyon ve Enflasyon Belirsizliği İlişkisinin Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 41-63.
  • Sharaf, M. F. (2015). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty Revisited: Evidence from Egypt”, Economies, 3, 128-146.
  • Thornton, J. (2007). “The Relationship Between İnflation and İnflation Uncertainty in Emerging Market Economies”, Southern Economic Journal, 73(4), 858-870.
  • Viorica, D., Jemna, D., Pintilescu, C. ve Asandului, M. (2014). “The Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence for the Newest EU Countries”, PLoS One, 9(3), 1-11.
  • Yılmaz, A. B., Yılmaz, S. B. ve Demir, E. (2017). “Enflasyon Oranları İle Enflasyon Belirsizliğinin Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Analizi: Türkiye Örneği”, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 37, 99-112.

ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2021, , 305 - 320, 02.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779618

Öz

Enflasyon ve enflasyon belirsizliği ilişkisi tartışmalarının teorik temelleri Friedman-Ball ve Cukierman-Meltzer hipotezlerine dayanmaktadır. Friedman-Ball hipotezi, enflasyon belirsizliğinin nedeni olarak enflasyondaki artışı görmektedir. Cukierman-Meltzer hipotezi ise, enflasyondaki artışın nedeni olarak enflasyon belirsizliğini görmektedir. Her ne kadar her iki yaklaşım, sözkonusu ilişkinin nedenselliği yönünden birbirinden farklı olsa da her iki yaklaşım da enflasyon ve enflasyon belirsizliği ilişkisini merkez bankasının para politikası davranışlarına dayandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın, hem teorik tartışmalar açısından hem de ekonometrik uygulama açısından literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinde 2008-2019 dönemi için enflasyon ile enflasyon belirsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye’nin 2008-2019 dönemine ait üçer aylık tüketici fiyat endeksi enflasyon oranı serisine, Ardışık Hareketli Ortalama-Üssel Genelleştirilmiş Ardışık Bağlanımlı Koşullu Değişen Varyans modelleme uygulanarak enflasyon belirsizliği serisi elde edilmiştir. Dinamik Sıradan En Küçük Kareler yöntemi kullanılarak enflasyon ve enflasyon belirsizliği ilişkisi tahmin edilmiştir. Sonrasında vektör ardışık modeli Granger nedensellik test yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Dinamik Sıradan En Küçük Kareler tahmin yöntemi sonuçları, 2008-2019 döneminde Türkiye’de enflasyon belirsizliğinin enflasyonu pozitif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Vektör Ardışık Modeli Granger nedensellik test sonuçları, Türkiye ekonomisinde belirtilen dönem için enflasyonun enflasyon belirsizliği üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen ekonometrik sonuçlar, Türkiye ekonomisinde Friedman-Ball ve Cukierman-Meltzer hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akyazı, H. ve Artan, S. (2004). “Türkiye’de Enflasyon-Enflasyon Belirsizliği İlişkisi Ve Enflasyon Hedeflemesinin Enflasyon Belirsizliğini Azaltmadaki Rolü”, Bankacılar Dergisi, 48, 3-17.
  • Ananzeh, I. E. N., Jdaitawi, Q. M. ve Alwan, B. M. (2014). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Jordan Evidence From GARCH Modeling”, International Business and Management, 8(1), 5-9.
  • Ball, L. (1992). “Why Does High Inflation Raise Inflation-Uncertainty?”, Monetary Economics, 29, 371-388.
  • Bamanga, M. A., Musa, U., Salihu, A., Udoette, U. S., Adejo, V. T., Edem, O. N., Bukar, H. ve Udechukwu-Peterclaver, C. T. (2016). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Nigeria: A Test of the Friedman’s Hypothesis”, CBN Journal of Applied Statistics, 7(1), 147-169.
  • Barimah, A. (2014). “Exponential GARCH Modelling of the Inflation-Inflation Uncertainty Relationship for Ghana”, Modern Economy, 5, 506-519.
  • Barnett, W. A., Ftiti, Z. ve Jawadi, F. (2018). The Causal Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty, Working Paper Series in Theoretical and Applied Economics 201803, University of Kansas Department of Economics.
  • Berument, H. ve Dincer, N. N. (2005). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the G-7 Countries”, Physica A, 348(2005), 371–379.
  • Bollerslev T. (1986). “Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity”, Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307-327.
  • Bredin, D. ve Fountas, S. (2010). US Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in a Historical Perspective: The impact of Recessions, UCD Geary Institute Discussion Paper Series WP2010/53.
  • Caporale, G. M., Onorante, L. ve Paesani, P. (2009). Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Euro Area, Discussion Papers ISSN 1749-3412 Centre for International Capital Markets.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2011). Inflation and Inflation‐Uncertainty in India: The Policy Implications of the Relationship. Marquette University Department of Economics Working Paper 2011‐04, https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context= econ_workingpapers , (25.03.2020).
  • Chowdhury, K. B. ve Sarkar, N. (2014). “The Effect of Inflation on Inflation Uncertainty in the G7 Countries: A Double Threshold GARCH Model”, International Econometric Review (IER), http://www.era.org.tr/makaleler/ 22100102.pdf, (22.02.2020).
  • Cukierman, A. ve Meltzer, A. H. (1986). “A Theory of Ambiguity, Credibility and İnflation Under Discretion and Asymmetric İnformation”, Econometrica, 54(5), 1099-1128.
  • Daal, E., Naka, A. ve Sanchez, B. (2004). Re-Examining Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Developed and Emerging Countries, Department of Economics and Finance Working Papers, 1991-2006. Paper 26, http://scholarworks.uno.edu/econ_wp/26, (15.03.2020).
  • Dogru, B. (2014). Inflation and inflation uncertainty in Turkey. MPRA Paper No. 61384, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61384/. (13.03.2020).
  • Engle, R. (1982). “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation”, Econometrica, 50, 987-1007.
  • Entezarkheir, M. (2006). “The Relation Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty In Iran”, Iranian Economic Review, 10(17), 1-20.
  • Erkam, S. (2008). “Enflasyon ve Enflasyon Belirsizliği: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyo Ekonomi, 2008-1/080108, 157-174.
  • Ferreira, D. ve Palma, A. A. (2018). Inflation and İnflation Uncertainty in Latin America: A Time-Varying Stochastic Volatility in Mean Approach, Anais do XLIV Encontro Nacional de Economia Proceedings of the 44th Brazilian Economics Meeting 125, ANPEC.
  • Fischer, S. (1981). “Towards on Understanding of the Cost of Inflation”, II. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 15(1), 5-41.
  • Fountas, S., Loannidis, A. ve Kranasos, M. (2003). “Inflation, İnflation Uncertainty, and A Common European Monetary Policy”, Manchester School, 72 (2), 221-242.
  • Friedman, M. (1977). “Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment”, Political Economy, 85, 451-472.
  • Hachicha, A. ve Lean, H. H. (2013). Inflation, inflation uncertainty and output in Tunisia. Discussion Paper No. 2013-1, http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2013-1, (17.02.2020).
  • Holland, A. S. (1995). “Inflation and Uncertainty: Test for Temporal Ordering”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(3), 827-837.
  • Javed, S. A. ve Khan, S. A. (2010). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: a GARCH Application - An Appraisal from Pakistan”, International Conference On Applied Economics – ICOAE 2010.
  • Johnson, D. (2002). “The Effect of Inflation Targeting on the Behavior of Expected Inflation: Evidence from an 11 Country Panel”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(8), 1521-1538.
  • Karahan (2012). “The Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Evidence from the Turkish Economy”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 219-228.
  • Kontonikas, A. (2004). “Inflation and İnflation Uncertainty in the United Kingdom Evidence from GARCH Modelling”, Economic Modelling, 21(3), 525-543.
  • Kranasos, M. ve Shurer, S. (2008). “Is The Relationship Between İnflation and İts Uncertainty Linear?”, German Economic Review, 9(3), 265-286.
  • Mohd, S. H., Baharumshah, A. Z. ve Fountas, S. (2013). “Inflation, İnflation Uncertainty and Output Growth: Recent Evidence from ASEAN-5 Countries”, The Singapore Economic Review, 58(4), 1350030-1-135030-17.
  • Oltulular, S. ve Terzi, H. (2006). Yüksek enflasyon enflasyon belirsizliğini arttırıyor mu?. Ekonometrik ve İstatistik, 3, 1-22.
  • Oteng-Abayie, E. F. ve Doe, S. K. (2013). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Ghana”, Journal of Business Management and Economics, 4(12), 259-266.
  • Özer, M. ve Türkyılmaz, S. (2005).” Türkiye’de Enflasyon İle Enflasyon Belirsizliği Arasındaki İlişkinin Zaman Serisi Analizi”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 20(229), 93-104.
  • Payne, J. E. (2009). “Inflation Targeting and Inflation-Inflation Uncertainty Relationship: Evidence from Thailand”, Applied Economics Letters, 16, 233–238.
  • Rizvi, S. K. A. ve Naqvi, B. (2010). “Asymmetric Behavior of Inflation Uncertainty and Friedman-Ball Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan”, The Lahore Journal of Economics, 15(2), 1-33.
  • Saatçioğlu, C. ve Korap, L. (2009). “New Time Series Evidence for the Causality Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in the Turkish Economy”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 235-248.
  • Sever, E. ve Demir, M. (2008). “Enflasyon Hedeflemesi Sürecinde Enflasyon ve Enflasyon Belirsizliği İlişkisinin Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 41-63.
  • Sharaf, M. F. (2015). “Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty Revisited: Evidence from Egypt”, Economies, 3, 128-146.
  • Thornton, J. (2007). “The Relationship Between İnflation and İnflation Uncertainty in Emerging Market Economies”, Southern Economic Journal, 73(4), 858-870.
  • Viorica, D., Jemna, D., Pintilescu, C. ve Asandului, M. (2014). “The Relationship Between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence for the Newest EU Countries”, PLoS One, 9(3), 1-11.
  • Yılmaz, A. B., Yılmaz, S. B. ve Demir, E. (2017). “Enflasyon Oranları İle Enflasyon Belirsizliğinin Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Analizi: Türkiye Örneği”, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 37, 99-112.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Musa Atgür 0000-0003-0429-4619

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Atgür, M. (2021). ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(46), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779618
AMA Atgür M. ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. Eylül 2021;(46):305-320. doi:10.30794/pausbed.779618
Chicago Atgür, Musa. “ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 46 (Eylül 2021): 305-20. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779618.
EndNote Atgür M (01 Eylül 2021) ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 46 305–320.
IEEE M. Atgür, “ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ”, PAUSBED, sy. 46, ss. 305–320, Eylül 2021, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.779618.
ISNAD Atgür, Musa. “ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 46 (Eylül 2021), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779618.
JAMA Atgür M. ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. 2021;:305–320.
MLA Atgür, Musa. “ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 46, 2021, ss. 305-20, doi:10.30794/pausbed.779618.
Vancouver Atgür M. ENFLASYON VE ENFLASYON BELİRSİZLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. 2021(46):305-20.