TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Yıl 2021,
, 293 - 304, 02.09.2021
Aysun Karamıklı
,
Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz
Öz
Dünyada yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemi son yıllarda artan çevresel sorunlar ile birlikte hızla artmaya başlamıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının tüketimi enerji talebini karşılamak, fosil yakıtların ve karbon emisyonunun sebep olduğu çevresel hasarı en aza indirilebilmek için önem arz etmektedir. Böylece yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin yaygınlaştırılması insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuzluklarında azalmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Zivot-Andrews Yapısal Kırılmalı Birim Kök Testi (1992) ile Toda-Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testlerinden yararlanılarak 1995-2015 yıllarında Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme ve sağlık harcamaları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminden sağlık harcamalarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Teşekkür
İlginiz için çok teşekkürler.
Kaynakça
- Alper, F. Ö. (2018). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki:1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242.
- Alper, A., ve Oguz, O. (2016). “The Role Of Renewable Energy Consumption İn Economic Growth: Evidence From Asymmetric Causality”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
- Apaydın, Ş., Güngör, A., ve Taşdoğan, C. (2019). “Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 117-134.
- Apergis, N., & Danuletiu, D. C. (2014). “Renewable Energy And Economic Growth: Evidence From The Sign Of Panel Long-Run Causality”. International Journal Of Energy Economics And Policy, 4(4), 578-587.
- Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2012). “Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence From A Panel Error Correction Model”, Energy Economics, 34(3), 733-738.
- Apergis, N., Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2018). “Does Renewable Energy Consumption And Health Expenditures Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Evidence For Sub-Saharan Africa Countries”, Renewable Energy, 127, 1011-1016.
- Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). “The Effect Of Renewable Energy Consumption On Economic Growth: Evidence From Top 38 Countries”, Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
- Bulut, U., & Muratoglu, G. (2018). “Renewable Energy İn Turkey: Great Potential, Low But İncreasing Utilization, and An Empirical Analysis On Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus”, Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
- Büyükyılmaz, A., & Mert, M. (2015). “Co2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ms-Var Yaklaşımı İle Modellenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Zeitschrift Für Die Welt Der Türken/Journal Of World Of Turks, 7 (3), 103-117.
- Chaabouni, S., & Saidi, K. (2017). “The Dynamic Links Between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Health Spending and GDP Growth: A Case Study For 51 Countries”, Environmental Research, 158, 137-144.
- Caruso, G., Colantonio, E., & Gattone, S. A. (2020). “Relationships between Renewable Energy Consumption, Social Factors, and Health: A Panel Vector Auto Regression Analysis of a Cluster of 12 EU Countries”, Sustainability, 12(7), 2915.
- Çetin, M. A. (2018). “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki: Panel ARDL Bulguları”, In ICPESS (International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies) (No. 5), 18(5), 355-365.
- Çınar, S., ve Yılmazer, M. (2015). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Belirleyicileri Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 55-78.
- Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., Bazilian, M. D., Wagner, N., & Gorini, R. (2019). “The Role Of Renewable Energy İn The Global Energy Transformation”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 38-50.
- Ito, K. (2017). “CO2 Emissions, Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, And Economic Growth: Evidence From Panel Data For Developing Countries”, International Economics, 151, 1-6.
- Kahia, M., Aïssa, M. S. B., & Lanouar, C. (2017). “Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Use-Economic Growth Nexus: The Case Of MENA Net Oil Importing Countries”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 127-140.
- Kesbiç, C. Y., ve Er, A. S. (2017). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ab Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi”, İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 135-154.
- Khan, S.A.R. (2019). “The Role of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics and Environmental Performance in Economic Growth: An Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling”, Preprints, 2019010102 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201901.0102.v1).
- Khan, A., Hussain, J., Bano, S., & Chenggang, Y. (2019). “The Repercussions Of Foreign Direct İnvestment, Renewable Energy And Health Expenditure On Environmental Decay? An Econometric Analysis Of B&RI Countries”, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(11), 1965-1986.
- Khan, S. A. R., Zhang, Y., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E., & Streimikiene, D. (2020). “Measuring The İmpact Of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics, And Environmental Performance On Sustainable Economic Growth”, Sustainable Development, 1-11.
- Machol, B., & Rizk, S. (2013). “Economic Value Of US Fossil Fuel Electricity Health İmpacts”, Environment international, 52, 75-80.
- Maji, I. K., Sulaiman, C., & Abdul-Rahim, A. S. (2019). “Renewable Energy Consumption And Economic Growth Nexus: A Fresh Evidence From West Africa”, Energy Reports, 5, 384-392.
- Owusu, P. A., & Asumadu-Sarkodie, S. (2016). “A Review Of Renewable Energy Sources, Sustainability İssues And Climate Change Mitigation”, Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1-14, 1167990.
- Öcal, O., ve Aslan, A. (2013). “Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus İn Turkey”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499.
- Öndes, H. (2019). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Sağlık Harcamaları Karbondioksit Emisyonunu Azaltır mı? AB Ülkeleri Örneği”, Business and Organization Research Izmir (International Conference). İzmir. 4-5-6-7 September. Yasar University.
- Polatidis, H., Haralambopoulos, D. A., Munda, G., & Vreeker, R. (2006). “Selecting An Appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Technique For Renewable Energy Planning”. Energy Sources, Part B, 1(2), 181-193.
- Özşahin, Ş., Mucuk, M., ve Gerçeker, M. (2016). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel ARDL Analizi”, Siyaset Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
- Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Khan, F. U., Shah, M. H., & Khan, F. (2020). “Nexus Between Trade, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy, and Health Expenditure İn Pakistan”, The International Journal Of Health Planning And Management, 35(4), 818-831.
- Ünüvar, İ. ve Keskinkılıç, S. (2020). “Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G20 Ülkeleri Örneği (2000-2016)”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(2), 251-266.
- Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., & Wang, B. (2019). “Dynamic Linkages Among CO 2 Emissions, Health Expenditures, And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan”, Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
- Zong, H., Cao, Y., & Liu, Z. (2018). “Energy Security İn Group Of Seven (G7): A Quantitative Approach For Renewable Energy Policy”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, And Policy, 13(3), 173-175.
- Toda, H. Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possbly Integrated Process”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D. W. (1992). “Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil-Price Shock, And The Unit-Root”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3),251-270.
- WorldBank (2020a). Renewable Energy Consumption (% Of Total Final Energy Consumption), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).
- WorldBank (2020b). GDP growth (annual %), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).
- OECD (2020). Health Spending (% of GDP), https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).
THE EFFECTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN TURKEY
Yıl 2021,
, 293 - 304, 02.09.2021
Aysun Karamıklı
,
Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz
Öz
The importance of renewable energy sources in the world has started to increase rapidly in recent years with increasing environmental problems. The consumption of renewable energy sources is important to meet energy demand and minimize the environmental damage caused by fossil fuels and carbon emissions. Thus, the spread of renewable energy consumption contributes to the reduction of its negative effects on human health. In this study, Zivot-Andrews Structural Breaks Unit Root Test (1992) with Toda-Yamamoto (1995) in the years 1995 to 2015 using utilizing the causality of renewable energy consumption in Turkey, aimed to determine the causal relationship between economic growth and health spending. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there is a one-way causality relationship from renewable energy consumption to health expenditures.
Kaynakça
- Alper, F. Ö. (2018). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki:1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242.
- Alper, A., ve Oguz, O. (2016). “The Role Of Renewable Energy Consumption İn Economic Growth: Evidence From Asymmetric Causality”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
- Apaydın, Ş., Güngör, A., ve Taşdoğan, C. (2019). “Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 117-134.
- Apergis, N., & Danuletiu, D. C. (2014). “Renewable Energy And Economic Growth: Evidence From The Sign Of Panel Long-Run Causality”. International Journal Of Energy Economics And Policy, 4(4), 578-587.
- Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2012). “Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence From A Panel Error Correction Model”, Energy Economics, 34(3), 733-738.
- Apergis, N., Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2018). “Does Renewable Energy Consumption And Health Expenditures Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Evidence For Sub-Saharan Africa Countries”, Renewable Energy, 127, 1011-1016.
- Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). “The Effect Of Renewable Energy Consumption On Economic Growth: Evidence From Top 38 Countries”, Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
- Bulut, U., & Muratoglu, G. (2018). “Renewable Energy İn Turkey: Great Potential, Low But İncreasing Utilization, and An Empirical Analysis On Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus”, Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
- Büyükyılmaz, A., & Mert, M. (2015). “Co2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ms-Var Yaklaşımı İle Modellenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Zeitschrift Für Die Welt Der Türken/Journal Of World Of Turks, 7 (3), 103-117.
- Chaabouni, S., & Saidi, K. (2017). “The Dynamic Links Between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Health Spending and GDP Growth: A Case Study For 51 Countries”, Environmental Research, 158, 137-144.
- Caruso, G., Colantonio, E., & Gattone, S. A. (2020). “Relationships between Renewable Energy Consumption, Social Factors, and Health: A Panel Vector Auto Regression Analysis of a Cluster of 12 EU Countries”, Sustainability, 12(7), 2915.
- Çetin, M. A. (2018). “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki: Panel ARDL Bulguları”, In ICPESS (International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies) (No. 5), 18(5), 355-365.
- Çınar, S., ve Yılmazer, M. (2015). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Belirleyicileri Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 55-78.
- Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., Bazilian, M. D., Wagner, N., & Gorini, R. (2019). “The Role Of Renewable Energy İn The Global Energy Transformation”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 38-50.
- Ito, K. (2017). “CO2 Emissions, Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, And Economic Growth: Evidence From Panel Data For Developing Countries”, International Economics, 151, 1-6.
- Kahia, M., Aïssa, M. S. B., & Lanouar, C. (2017). “Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Use-Economic Growth Nexus: The Case Of MENA Net Oil Importing Countries”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 127-140.
- Kesbiç, C. Y., ve Er, A. S. (2017). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ab Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi”, İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 135-154.
- Khan, S.A.R. (2019). “The Role of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics and Environmental Performance in Economic Growth: An Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling”, Preprints, 2019010102 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201901.0102.v1).
- Khan, A., Hussain, J., Bano, S., & Chenggang, Y. (2019). “The Repercussions Of Foreign Direct İnvestment, Renewable Energy And Health Expenditure On Environmental Decay? An Econometric Analysis Of B&RI Countries”, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(11), 1965-1986.
- Khan, S. A. R., Zhang, Y., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E., & Streimikiene, D. (2020). “Measuring The İmpact Of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics, And Environmental Performance On Sustainable Economic Growth”, Sustainable Development, 1-11.
- Machol, B., & Rizk, S. (2013). “Economic Value Of US Fossil Fuel Electricity Health İmpacts”, Environment international, 52, 75-80.
- Maji, I. K., Sulaiman, C., & Abdul-Rahim, A. S. (2019). “Renewable Energy Consumption And Economic Growth Nexus: A Fresh Evidence From West Africa”, Energy Reports, 5, 384-392.
- Owusu, P. A., & Asumadu-Sarkodie, S. (2016). “A Review Of Renewable Energy Sources, Sustainability İssues And Climate Change Mitigation”, Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1-14, 1167990.
- Öcal, O., ve Aslan, A. (2013). “Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus İn Turkey”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499.
- Öndes, H. (2019). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Sağlık Harcamaları Karbondioksit Emisyonunu Azaltır mı? AB Ülkeleri Örneği”, Business and Organization Research Izmir (International Conference). İzmir. 4-5-6-7 September. Yasar University.
- Polatidis, H., Haralambopoulos, D. A., Munda, G., & Vreeker, R. (2006). “Selecting An Appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Technique For Renewable Energy Planning”. Energy Sources, Part B, 1(2), 181-193.
- Özşahin, Ş., Mucuk, M., ve Gerçeker, M. (2016). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel ARDL Analizi”, Siyaset Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
- Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Khan, F. U., Shah, M. H., & Khan, F. (2020). “Nexus Between Trade, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy, and Health Expenditure İn Pakistan”, The International Journal Of Health Planning And Management, 35(4), 818-831.
- Ünüvar, İ. ve Keskinkılıç, S. (2020). “Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G20 Ülkeleri Örneği (2000-2016)”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(2), 251-266.
- Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., & Wang, B. (2019). “Dynamic Linkages Among CO 2 Emissions, Health Expenditures, And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan”, Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
- Zong, H., Cao, Y., & Liu, Z. (2018). “Energy Security İn Group Of Seven (G7): A Quantitative Approach For Renewable Energy Policy”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, And Policy, 13(3), 173-175.
- Toda, H. Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possbly Integrated Process”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D. W. (1992). “Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil-Price Shock, And The Unit-Root”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3),251-270.
- WorldBank (2020a). Renewable Energy Consumption (% Of Total Final Energy Consumption), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).
- WorldBank (2020b). GDP growth (annual %), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).
- OECD (2020). Health Spending (% of GDP), https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2020).