Araştırma Makalesi
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CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 349 - 360, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228273

Öz

Migration with different types is a phenomenon and part of daily life worldwide. Irregular migration is an effective form of
migration, usually due to security reasons. Interstate and internal armed conflicts are among the leading causes of irregular
migration activities. The main characteristics of irregular migration are that it is conducted in masses and in an abrupt manner
to neighboring countries. States usually do not favor this type of migration, which puts a heavy burden on the shoulders of
receiving country. States reinforce their borders with new procedures and physical barriers to prevent irregular migration. On
the other hand, irregular migrants try to find refuge and a safe and secure neighborhood to survive. The security of humans
is a significant concern in this endeavor. This paper intends to explore irregular migration and human security and examine
whether irregular migration can protect what the migrants seek both during and after the completion of the migration.

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, H. (2001). "From refugees to forced migration: The UNHCR and human security." International Migration Review 35.1: 7–32.
  • Alix-Garcia, J., Walker, S., Bartlett, A., Onder, H., Sanghi, A., (2018). "Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts? The case of Kakuma, Kenya." Journal of Development Economics 130: 66–83.
  • Alkire, S. (2003). “A Conceptual Framework for Human Security.” Working Papers. CRISE (Department of International Development, University of Oxford), (accessed: 15.9.2022), https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2907237-2a9f-4ce5-a403-a6254020052d/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=workingpaper2.pdf&type_of_work=Working+paper
  • Amnesty International. (2022). Gender-Based Violence against Venezuelan Refugee Women in Colombia and Peru, (accessed: 15.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr01/5675/2022/en/
  • Amnesty International. (2019). Human Rights in Europe, Review of 2019, (accessed: 25.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur01/2098/2020/en/
  • Amnesty International. (2010). Mexico: Invisible victims, Migrants on the move in Mexico, facts, and figures, (accessed: 15.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr41/032/2010/en/
  • Anderson, U. (reporter) (2015). BThugs hurling stones, cars set on fire and refugee children aged five escorted to school by police: Inside the once tranquil Swedish Village at war with migrants housed in emergency Centre,^ Daily Mail.com (accessed: 22.10.2023) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3315739/The-tranquil-Swedish-village-living-hell-refugee-invasion-locals-migrants-throw-stones-children-agedfive-need-POLICE-ESCORT-school.html
  • Arrocha, W. (2019). Combating xenophobia and hate through compassionate migration: the present struggle of irregular migrants escaping fear and extreme poverty. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71, 245-260.
  • Bajpai, K. P. (2000). Human security: concept and measurement. Notre Dame: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1997). "The concept of security." Review of international studies 23.1 : 5-26.
  • Buzan, B. (2008). People, states & fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. ECPR Press.
  • Dannreuther, R. (2013). International Security: The Contemporary Agenda. Polity: Cambridge.
  • Engel, V. (2018). Europe is caught in a wheel of xenophobia. Tracking the Rise of the Radical Right Globally, 139-149.
  • Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM). (2005). Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action, GCIM: Geneva. (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.refworld.org/publisher,GCIM,,,435f81814,0.html
  • Hampson, F. O. (2012). "Human security," in Security Studies, ed. Williams, Paul D. Routledge, 279–293. Hanhimäki, J. M. (2015). The United Nations: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Hossain, M. et al. (2021). "Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis." J Epidemiol Community Health 75.4: 327–334.
  • ICRC, “Geneva Conventions,” (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions
  • IOM Global Migration Indicators. (2021). (accessed: 26.8.2022), https://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-indicators-2021
  • IOM, Key Migration Terms, (accessed: 1.9.2022), https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms
  • IOM UN Migration, World Migration Report, 2022. (accessed: 3.9.2022), https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2022
  • Janmyr, M. (2018). "UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon." The International Journal of Human Rights 22.3: 393–419. (accessed: 6.9.2022), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140?needAccess=true
  • Kenya Country overview, UNHCR, (accessed: 5.9.2022), https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/ken
  • Kerr, P. (2013). "Human Security," in Contemporary Security Studies, ed. Alan Collins, Oxford University Press, 104–116.
  • KISEDP (Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan in Turkana West.), UNHCR (accessed: 4.9.2022), Kenya, (accessed: 4.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/ke/kisedp-2
  • Koser, K. (2009). “Dimensions and dynamics of irregular migration”, Population, Space Place, 16: 181-193., (accessed: 3.9.2022), https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.587
  • Martinez, M. & Yan, H. (reporters) (2014) Showdown: California Town Turns Away Buses of Detained Immigrants. CNN. (accessed: 22.10.2023) http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/02/us/california-immigrant-transfers
  • Migration Data Portal, Migration Drivers, 2021, (accessed: 4.9.2022), https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/migration-drivers
  • Rothschild, E. (1995). "What is security?" Daedalus 124.3: 53–98. (accessed:15.8.2022), https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027310
  • Ruzza, C. (2018). Populism, migration, and xenophobia in Europe. Routledge handbook of global populism, 201-216.
  • Siegbert H. R. (1991). Kant: Political writings. Cambridge University Press: 47–49.
  • Shklar, J. (1989). "The liberalism of fear." in Liberalism and Moral Life ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum Harvard University Press: 21-38.
  • Statute of the Council of Europe, Council of Europe, (accessed: 2.9.2022). https://rm.coe.int/1680306052 The Geneva Conventions and their commentaries, ICRC, (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions
  • The World Bank Microdata Library, (accessed: 7.9.2022), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=LB
  • Torpey, J. C. (2018). The invention of the passport: Surveillance, citizenship and the state. Cambridge University Press.
  • Truong, T-D. and Des Gasper, eds. (2011). Transnational migration and human security: The migration-development-security Nexus. Vol. 6. Springer.
  • UNDP Human Development Report, 1994. (accessed: 10.9.2022) https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents//hdr1994encompletenostatspdf.pdf
  • UNHCR Fact Sheet Lebanon, January 2022. (accessed: 2.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2022/03/UNHCR-Lebanon-Operational-Fact-Sheet-Jan.-2022.pdf
  • UNHCR Global Trends Report. (2021) (accessed: 5.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021.html?query=forced%20migration%202021
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, (accessed: 1.9.2022), https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/03/udhr.pdf
  • Vietti, F. and Todd, S. (2013). "Human Insecurity: Understanding International Migration from a Human Security Perspective." Journal on Migration and Human Security 1, no. 1: 17–31. (accessed: 28.08.2022), https://doi.org/10.1177/233150241300100102.
  • Waever, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M., Lemaitre, P. (1993). Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe. Pinter: London.
  • Wohlfeld, M. (2014). “Is migration a security issue?”, in O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Eds.), Migration in the Mediterranean: human rights, security, and development perspectives (Msida: Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies,): 61-77. (accessed: 25.08.2022), https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/21715/1/Chapter_6.pdf
  • Wolfers, A. (1962). Discord and collaboration: essays on international politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • World Economic Forum (2016). The Global Risks Report, 11th edition. Geneva: World Economic Forum. (accessed: 2.9.2022), https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GRR/WEF_GRR16.pdf Yousaf, F. N. (2018). "Forced migration, human trafficking, and human security." Current sociology 66.2: 209–225.

DÜZENSİZ GÖÇ GÖÇMENLERE EMNİYET VE GÜVENLİK SAĞLAYABİLİR Mİ?

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 349 - 360, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228273

Öz

Farklı türlerde göç, tüm dünyada bir olgu ve günlük yaşamın bir parçasıdır. Düzensiz göç, genellikle güvenlik nedenleriyle yapılan
önemli bir göç şeklidir. Devletler arası ve iç silahlı çatışmalar, düzensiz göç faaliyetlerinin temel nedenleridir. Düzensiz göçün
temel özellikleri, kitleler halinde ve özellikle komşu ülkelere doğru ani bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesidir. Devletler genellikle göç
alan ülkeye ağır bir yük getiren bu tür göç türüne pek olumlu bakmamaktadırlar. Kontrolsüz gerçekleşen bu düzensiz göçleri
önlemek için devletler sınırlarını yeni prosedürler ve fiziki engellerle güçlendirmektedirler. Diğer yandan zorunlu göçe maruz
kalmış düzensiz göçmenler ise hayatta kalabilmek için sığınacak güvenli ve emniyetli bir yer bulmaya çalışmaktadırlar. İnsan
güvenliği bu göçler esnasında büyük bir endişe kaynağı haline gelmektedir. Bu makale, düzensiz göçü ve insan güvenliğini
araştırmayı ve düzensiz göçün hem göç esnasında hem de göçün tamamlanmasından sonra göçmenlerin aradığı güvenliği
sağlayıp sağlayamayacağını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, H. (2001). "From refugees to forced migration: The UNHCR and human security." International Migration Review 35.1: 7–32.
  • Alix-Garcia, J., Walker, S., Bartlett, A., Onder, H., Sanghi, A., (2018). "Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts? The case of Kakuma, Kenya." Journal of Development Economics 130: 66–83.
  • Alkire, S. (2003). “A Conceptual Framework for Human Security.” Working Papers. CRISE (Department of International Development, University of Oxford), (accessed: 15.9.2022), https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2907237-2a9f-4ce5-a403-a6254020052d/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=workingpaper2.pdf&type_of_work=Working+paper
  • Amnesty International. (2022). Gender-Based Violence against Venezuelan Refugee Women in Colombia and Peru, (accessed: 15.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr01/5675/2022/en/
  • Amnesty International. (2019). Human Rights in Europe, Review of 2019, (accessed: 25.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur01/2098/2020/en/
  • Amnesty International. (2010). Mexico: Invisible victims, Migrants on the move in Mexico, facts, and figures, (accessed: 15.8.2022), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr41/032/2010/en/
  • Anderson, U. (reporter) (2015). BThugs hurling stones, cars set on fire and refugee children aged five escorted to school by police: Inside the once tranquil Swedish Village at war with migrants housed in emergency Centre,^ Daily Mail.com (accessed: 22.10.2023) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3315739/The-tranquil-Swedish-village-living-hell-refugee-invasion-locals-migrants-throw-stones-children-agedfive-need-POLICE-ESCORT-school.html
  • Arrocha, W. (2019). Combating xenophobia and hate through compassionate migration: the present struggle of irregular migrants escaping fear and extreme poverty. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71, 245-260.
  • Bajpai, K. P. (2000). Human security: concept and measurement. Notre Dame: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1997). "The concept of security." Review of international studies 23.1 : 5-26.
  • Buzan, B. (2008). People, states & fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. ECPR Press.
  • Dannreuther, R. (2013). International Security: The Contemporary Agenda. Polity: Cambridge.
  • Engel, V. (2018). Europe is caught in a wheel of xenophobia. Tracking the Rise of the Radical Right Globally, 139-149.
  • Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM). (2005). Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action, GCIM: Geneva. (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.refworld.org/publisher,GCIM,,,435f81814,0.html
  • Hampson, F. O. (2012). "Human security," in Security Studies, ed. Williams, Paul D. Routledge, 279–293. Hanhimäki, J. M. (2015). The United Nations: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Hossain, M. et al. (2021). "Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis." J Epidemiol Community Health 75.4: 327–334.
  • ICRC, “Geneva Conventions,” (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions
  • IOM Global Migration Indicators. (2021). (accessed: 26.8.2022), https://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-indicators-2021
  • IOM, Key Migration Terms, (accessed: 1.9.2022), https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms
  • IOM UN Migration, World Migration Report, 2022. (accessed: 3.9.2022), https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2022
  • Janmyr, M. (2018). "UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon." The International Journal of Human Rights 22.3: 393–419. (accessed: 6.9.2022), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140?needAccess=true
  • Kenya Country overview, UNHCR, (accessed: 5.9.2022), https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/ken
  • Kerr, P. (2013). "Human Security," in Contemporary Security Studies, ed. Alan Collins, Oxford University Press, 104–116.
  • KISEDP (Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan in Turkana West.), UNHCR (accessed: 4.9.2022), Kenya, (accessed: 4.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/ke/kisedp-2
  • Koser, K. (2009). “Dimensions and dynamics of irregular migration”, Population, Space Place, 16: 181-193., (accessed: 3.9.2022), https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.587
  • Martinez, M. & Yan, H. (reporters) (2014) Showdown: California Town Turns Away Buses of Detained Immigrants. CNN. (accessed: 22.10.2023) http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/02/us/california-immigrant-transfers
  • Migration Data Portal, Migration Drivers, 2021, (accessed: 4.9.2022), https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/migration-drivers
  • Rothschild, E. (1995). "What is security?" Daedalus 124.3: 53–98. (accessed:15.8.2022), https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027310
  • Ruzza, C. (2018). Populism, migration, and xenophobia in Europe. Routledge handbook of global populism, 201-216.
  • Siegbert H. R. (1991). Kant: Political writings. Cambridge University Press: 47–49.
  • Shklar, J. (1989). "The liberalism of fear." in Liberalism and Moral Life ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum Harvard University Press: 21-38.
  • Statute of the Council of Europe, Council of Europe, (accessed: 2.9.2022). https://rm.coe.int/1680306052 The Geneva Conventions and their commentaries, ICRC, (accessed: 9.9.2022), https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions
  • The World Bank Microdata Library, (accessed: 7.9.2022), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=LB
  • Torpey, J. C. (2018). The invention of the passport: Surveillance, citizenship and the state. Cambridge University Press.
  • Truong, T-D. and Des Gasper, eds. (2011). Transnational migration and human security: The migration-development-security Nexus. Vol. 6. Springer.
  • UNDP Human Development Report, 1994. (accessed: 10.9.2022) https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents//hdr1994encompletenostatspdf.pdf
  • UNHCR Fact Sheet Lebanon, January 2022. (accessed: 2.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2022/03/UNHCR-Lebanon-Operational-Fact-Sheet-Jan.-2022.pdf
  • UNHCR Global Trends Report. (2021) (accessed: 5.9.2022), https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021.html?query=forced%20migration%202021
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, (accessed: 1.9.2022), https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/03/udhr.pdf
  • Vietti, F. and Todd, S. (2013). "Human Insecurity: Understanding International Migration from a Human Security Perspective." Journal on Migration and Human Security 1, no. 1: 17–31. (accessed: 28.08.2022), https://doi.org/10.1177/233150241300100102.
  • Waever, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M., Lemaitre, P. (1993). Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe. Pinter: London.
  • Wohlfeld, M. (2014). “Is migration a security issue?”, in O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Eds.), Migration in the Mediterranean: human rights, security, and development perspectives (Msida: Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies,): 61-77. (accessed: 25.08.2022), https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/21715/1/Chapter_6.pdf
  • Wolfers, A. (1962). Discord and collaboration: essays on international politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • World Economic Forum (2016). The Global Risks Report, 11th edition. Geneva: World Economic Forum. (accessed: 2.9.2022), https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GRR/WEF_GRR16.pdf Yousaf, F. N. (2018). "Forced migration, human trafficking, and human security." Current sociology 66.2: 209–225.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Suat Dönmez 0000-0002-9621-389X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Dönmez, S. (2024). CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(60), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228273
AMA Dönmez S. CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?. PAUSBED. Ocak 2024;(60):349-360. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1228273
Chicago Dönmez, Suat. “CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 60 (Ocak 2024): 349-60. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228273.
EndNote Dönmez S (01 Ocak 2024) CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 60 349–360.
IEEE S. Dönmez, “CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?”, PAUSBED, sy. 60, ss. 349–360, Ocak 2024, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1228273.
ISNAD Dönmez, Suat. “CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 60 (Ocak 2024), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228273.
JAMA Dönmez S. CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?. PAUSBED. 2024;:349–360.
MLA Dönmez, Suat. “CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 60, 2024, ss. 349-60, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1228273.
Vancouver Dönmez S. CAN IRREGULAR MIGRATION PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY TO MIGRANTS?. PAUSBED. 2024(60):349-60.