Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

FORMEL MANTIK, ENFORMEL USLAMLAMA VE BUNLARIN TARTIŞMALI BAĞI

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 64, 325 - 337, 20.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464096

Öz

Doğal dillerde temsil kazanan gündelik uslamlama pratiklerimizin -yani, enformel akıl yürütme örneklerinin- genellikle formel sentaks, formel semantik ve ispat sisteminden oluşan formel bir çıkarım sistemi -yani formel mantık- tarafından tatmin edici bir şekilde haritalandırılabileceğine inanırız. Ancak, formel mantığın enformel akıl yürütme ile olan bu gösterim ilişkisinin hangi zeminde meşruiyet kazandığını sormak önemlidir. Standart bir görüşe göre; formel mantık, enformel akıl yürütmenin rasyonel olarak kabul edilebilir tüm örneklerini yönetir. Bu görüş-betimleyici ya da normatif yorumuyla- Gilbert Harman ve Peter Wason tarafından ciddi bir şekilde sorgulanmış ve her ikisi de formel mantığın enformel akıl yürütme süreçleri ile (betimleyici/normatif anlamda) bir alakası olmadığını savunmuştur. Bu makalede, standart görüşe karşı argümanların eleştirel bir incelemesi sunulurken standart görüş mantıksal çoğulculuk perspektifinden yeniden okunacaktır. Makalede tartışılacağı üzere, birinci dereceden klasik dedüktif mantık sistemi gibi tekil bir biçimsel ispat sistemi bir başına standart görüşü karşılayamaz.

Kaynakça

  • Engel, P. (2006). Logic, Reasoning and the Logical Constants. Croatian Journal of Philosophy, 6 (2):219-235.
  • Evans, J. S. B. T. (2002). “Logic and Human Reasoning: An Assessment of the Deduction Paradigm”, Psychological Bulletin, 128(6), 978–996.
  • Caret, C. R., & Kissel, T. K. (2020). “Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: An introduction”, Synthese, 1-12.
  • Harman, G. (1984). “Logic and Reasoning”, Synthese, 107-127.
  • Harman, G. (1986). Change in View: Principles of Reasoning, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Harman, G. (2002). “Internal Critique: A Logic is not a Theory of Reasoning and a Theory of Reasoning is not a Logic”, Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference: The Turn Towards the Practical, (Eds: D.M.Gabbay et al), 171-186.
  • Harman, G. (2009). “Field on the Normative Role of Logic”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,109, 333-335.
  • Novaes, C. D. (2012). Formal Languages in Logic: A Philosophical and Cognitive Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Samuels, R. & Stich, S. (2004). “Rationality and Psychology”, The Oxford Handbook of Rationality (Eds: Al Mele and Piers Rawling), 280-300, Oxford University Press.
  • Stenning, K. & Lambalgen, M. v. (2008). Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Sider, T. (2009). Logic for Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wason, P. (1966). “Reasoning”, New Horizons in Psychology (Ed: B. Foss), 135-151, Penguin Books.
  • Wason, P. C., & Green, D. W. (1984). “Reasoning and Mental Representation”, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 36A (4), 597–610.
  • Wason, P. C., & Shapiro, D. (1971). “Natural and Contrived Experience in a Reasoning Problem”, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23(1), 63–71.
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1961). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Routledge.
  • Woodcox, A. (2022). “Logikôs Argumentation in Aristotle’s Natural Science”, Apeiron, 55 (1), 65-95.
  • Zingano, M. (2017). “Ways of Proving in Aristotle”, Reading Aristotle: Argument and Exposition, 146, 7-49.

FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 64, 325 - 337, 20.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464096

Öz

Our commonplace practices of reasoning in natural languages-i.e. informal reasoning- are often believed to satisfactorily map on a formal system of logic-i.e. formal logic- which typically consists of formal syntax, formal semantics, and related proof system. Nonetheless, it then becomes significant to ask on what grounds formal logic legitimately has such relevance to informal reasoning. On one standard view, formal logic governs all rationally admissible tokens of informal reasoning. This view – either in its descriptive or normative construal - has been seriously challenged by Gilbert Harman and Peter Wason who commonly hold that formal logic has no (descriptive/normative) relevance to informal reasoning. This paper provides a critical survey of these distinct accounts, narrowing down the scope of their common thesis based on the possibility of logical pluralism. As it argues, a singular formal system of proof such as classical first-order deductive logic cannot single-handedly satisfy the standard view.

Kaynakça

  • Engel, P. (2006). Logic, Reasoning and the Logical Constants. Croatian Journal of Philosophy, 6 (2):219-235.
  • Evans, J. S. B. T. (2002). “Logic and Human Reasoning: An Assessment of the Deduction Paradigm”, Psychological Bulletin, 128(6), 978–996.
  • Caret, C. R., & Kissel, T. K. (2020). “Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: An introduction”, Synthese, 1-12.
  • Harman, G. (1984). “Logic and Reasoning”, Synthese, 107-127.
  • Harman, G. (1986). Change in View: Principles of Reasoning, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Harman, G. (2002). “Internal Critique: A Logic is not a Theory of Reasoning and a Theory of Reasoning is not a Logic”, Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference: The Turn Towards the Practical, (Eds: D.M.Gabbay et al), 171-186.
  • Harman, G. (2009). “Field on the Normative Role of Logic”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,109, 333-335.
  • Novaes, C. D. (2012). Formal Languages in Logic: A Philosophical and Cognitive Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Samuels, R. & Stich, S. (2004). “Rationality and Psychology”, The Oxford Handbook of Rationality (Eds: Al Mele and Piers Rawling), 280-300, Oxford University Press.
  • Stenning, K. & Lambalgen, M. v. (2008). Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Sider, T. (2009). Logic for Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wason, P. (1966). “Reasoning”, New Horizons in Psychology (Ed: B. Foss), 135-151, Penguin Books.
  • Wason, P. C., & Green, D. W. (1984). “Reasoning and Mental Representation”, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 36A (4), 597–610.
  • Wason, P. C., & Shapiro, D. (1971). “Natural and Contrived Experience in a Reasoning Problem”, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23(1), 63–71.
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1961). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Routledge.
  • Woodcox, A. (2022). “Logikôs Argumentation in Aristotle’s Natural Science”, Apeiron, 55 (1), 65-95.
  • Zingano, M. (2017). “Ways of Proving in Aristotle”, Reading Aristotle: Argument and Exposition, 146, 7-49.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Modern Felsefe, Mantık Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Polat 0000-0002-8745-3576

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 64

Kaynak Göster

APA Polat, M. (2024). FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(64), 325-337. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464096
AMA Polat M. FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE. PAUSBED. Eylül 2024;(64):325-337. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1464096
Chicago Polat, Mustafa. “FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 64 (Eylül 2024): 325-37. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464096.
EndNote Polat M (01 Eylül 2024) FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 64 325–337.
IEEE M. Polat, “FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE”, PAUSBED, sy. 64, ss. 325–337, Eylül 2024, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1464096.
ISNAD Polat, Mustafa. “FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 64 (Eylül 2024), 325-337. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464096.
JAMA Polat M. FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE. PAUSBED. 2024;:325–337.
MLA Polat, Mustafa. “FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 64, 2024, ss. 325-37, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1464096.
Vancouver Polat M. FORMAL LOGIC, INFORMAL REASONING, AND THEIR DISPUTABLE RELEVANCE. PAUSBED. 2024(64):325-37.