TÜRKİYE'DE SERMAYE YAPISININ BANKA PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 66, 279 - 292

Serpil Tomak

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1560266

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2012-2023 dönemi için panel regresyon modelini kullanarak sermaye yapısının Türk Bankacılık Sektörü performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada bankacılık performansının önemli göstergelerinden biri olan aktif getirisi (ROA) ve öz sermaye getirisi (ROE) oranı bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Analizde 9 banka özelinde ve 2 makroekonomik (enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme) bağımsız değişken bulunmaktadır. Panel veri analizi sonuçları, sermaye yapısının [Borçlanma oranı (DTA) ve Borç-özkaynak oranı (DTE)] Türk özel mevduat bankalarının iş performansını (ROA) negatif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. ROA ile ölçülen finansal performans Takipteki krediler oranı (NPL), kredi riski (CIR) ve maliyet yönetimi (OA) gibi değişkenlerle anlamlı ve negatif ilişkiliyken; banka büyüklüğü (BS), ekonomik büyüme (GSYİH) ve enflasyona (INF) etkisi pozitiftir. Diğer taraftan DTA, DTE, BS, NPL, CIR, OA ve GSYİH'nin ROE üzerindeki etkileri anlamlıdır. DTA, BS ve GDP'nin etkileri pozitif iken; DTE, NPL, CIR ve OA'nın etkisi negatiftir. Çalışmada, sermaye yapısı değişkenlerinin hem varlık getirisi hem de öz sermaye getirisi ile ölçülen Türk mevduat bankalarının finansal performansı üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sermaye yapısı, Banka karlılığı, Banka performansı, Banka sermayesi, Panel veri analizi

THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN TURKIYE

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of capital structure on Turkish banking performance by using panel regression model for the period between 2012 and 2023. The ratio of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as a dependent variable which are one of the important indicators of the banking performance. There are 9 bank-spesific and 2 macroeconomic (inflation and economic growth) independent variables in the analysis. Panel data analysis results reveal that the capital structure [Debt ratio (DTA) and Debt to equity ratio (DTE)] negatively impacts business performance (ROA) of Turkish private deposit banks. The financial performance, which is measured by ROA, is significantly and negatively associated with variables such as Non-Performing loan ratio (NPL), credit risk (CIR) and cost management (OA), whereas effect of bank size (BS), economic growt (GDP) and inflation (INF) have positive impact. On the other hand, the effects of DTA, DTE, BS, NPL, CIR, OA and GDP on ROE are significant. Besides, the effects of DTA, BS and GDP are positive, whereas the effect of DTE, NPL, CIR and OA are negative. The study concludes that the capital structure proxies have impact on financial performance of Turkish private deposit banks measured both by return on assets and return on equity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Capital structure, Bank profitability, Banking performance, Bank capital, Leverage, Panel data analysis

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