Konjenital Hipotiroidi Tanısıyla Takip Edilen Hastaların Klinik ve Laboratuvar Özellikleri

Öz

GİRİŞ: Konjenital hipotiroidi (KH) günümüzde hala çocuklarda önlenebilir mental retardasyonun en sık sebeplerindendir. Bu çalışmada kalıcı ve geçici konjenital hipotiroidili vakaların etyolojileri, laboratuvar bulguları, tedavi dozları ve süreleri karşılaştırılmıştır.

 

GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Konjenital hipotiroidi tanısı ile en az 3 yıl takip edilen 106 hasta (42 kız, 64 erkek) çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların dosyaları retrospektrif olarak tarandı. Tanı anında, tedavinin birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü yılında ve tedavi kesildikten 4-6 hafta sonra bakılan TSH, FT4, FT3, boy SDS, kilo SDS ve tedavi dozları not edildi.

 

BULGULAR: Hastaların %41.5’inde kalıcı KH, %58.5’inde ise geçici KH saptandı. Kalıcı hipotiroidilerin en sık sebebi tiroid disgenezileri (%34) iken, geçici KH’li hastalarda en sık sebep dishormonogenezis (%38,7) idi. En sık saptanan semptomlar uzamış sarılık ve kabızlıktı. Hastaların büyük çoğunluğunu tarama testi sonucuyla polikliniğe yönlendirilen (%27.4) ve tarama testi sonucunu beklemeden rutin muayene amaçlı polikliniğimize başvuran (%27.4) hastalar oluşturmaktaydı. Gruplar arasında tanı esnasındaki serum TSH, sT4 ve sT3 seviyeleri açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (sırası ile p=0.955, p=0.532, p=0.23). Geçici KH grubunda tiroglobulin düzeyi anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0.026). Takiplerde kalıcı KH’li hastaların FT3 düzeyleri anlamlı ölçüde daha düşük idi. (sırasıyla p=0.003, p=0.017, p=0.032).

 

SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda geçici KH oranının daha yüksek olduğu ve geçiçi KH’lilerin büyük çoğunluğunun dishormonogenezise bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. Tanı anındaki tiroid hormonu seviyelerinin kalıcı ve geçici KH ayırımında belirleyici olmadığı gösterilmiştir. Ancak takiplerde ihtiyaç duyulan ilaç dozunun ve TSH düzeyinin yüksek olması ve FT3 seviyesinin düşük seyretmesi kalıcı KH’yi ayırt etmede kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Konjenital hipotiroidi,geçici hipotiroidi

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Öz

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is still the most common cause of mental retardation. ln this study, etiology, laboratory findings,  treatment doses,  durations of permanent and transient CH cases were compared.

 

METHODS: 106 patients (42 female, 64 male) who had been treated for CH for at least 3 years were included. Patients’ files were retrospectively scanned. TSH, FT4, FT3, height, weight and treatment doses,  findings at the first time of diagnosis, first, second, and third year of treatment and 4-6 weeks after the treatment was ended, were noted.

 

RESULTS: Permanent CH  was found in 41.5% of patients and transient CH was found in 58.5% of patients. The most common cause of permanent hypothyroidism was thyroid dysgenesis (34%). dyshormonogenesis (38.7%) was the most frequent cause in patients with transient CH.  The most common symptoms were hyperbilirubunemia and constipation. 27 % of the patients were referred to the outcome screening program and 27% of the patients were  visited for routine control. Serum TSH, FT4 and FT3 levels at diagnosis were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.955, p = 0.532, p = 0.23). The level of thyroglobulin was significantly higher in the transient CH group (p =0,026). FT3 levels of patients with permanent CH were significantly lower during follow-up.( p= 0.003, p = 0.017, p = 0.032).

 

CONCLUSION:  In our study, it is found that the ratio of transient CH is higher and most of the  transient cases were attributed to dyshormonogenesis. It is shown that the thyroid hormone levels at the time of diagnosis is not significantly different in the differential diagnosis of permanent and transient CH.  However, it is concluded that the need for higher dose in the treatment  during follow up and the higher TSH levels, and the lower fT3 levels can be used in diagnosis of permanent CH.

Kaynakça

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