Vitamin K ve Hemostaz

Öz

Vitamin K, kanda bulunan normal pıhtılaşma faktörlerinin sentezi için gerekli bir faktördür. Yenidoğanlarda vitamin K eksikliğine yatkınlık vardır, çünkü çok az bir miktar K vitamini plasentadan geçer. Doğumdan sonraki ilk birkaç gün bağırsak florası henüz bakteri içermediği için vitamin K üretilemez. Bu vitamin K eksikliği kanama ile karakterize yenidoğanın hemorajik hastalığına yol açar. Doğumdan sonrakanama riskini azaltmak için tüm yenidoğanlara intramusküler vitamin K uygulanmasıönerilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin K,çocuklar,hemostaz

Vitamin K and Hemostasis

Abstract

Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of the proteins that help control bleeding clotting factors and thus for the normal clotting of blood. Newborns are prone tovitamin K deficiency because only small amounts of vitamin K cross the placentaand because, during the first few days after birth, their intestine does not containbacteria to produce vitamin K. The deficiency can cause hemorrhagic disease ofthe newborn, characterized by a tendency to bleed. A vitamin K injection in themuscle is recommended for all newborns to reduce the risk of bleeding within thebrain after delivery

Keywords

• Vitamin K,children,hemostasis

Kaynakça

1. 1. Muntean W. General vitamin K prevention in newborn infants. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 1986;190:107-13.
2. 2. Ferland G. The vitamin K-dependent proteins: an update. Nutr Rev 1998;56:223-30.
3. 6. Lehmann J. Vitamin K as a prophylactic in 13,000 babies. Lancet 1944;1:493-4.
4. 7. Sanford HN, Shmigelsky L, Chapin JM. Is administration of vitamin K to the newborn of clinical value? JAMA 1942;118:697-702.
5. 8. Grontoft O. Intracranial haemorrhage and blood-brain barrier problems in the new-born: a pathologico-anatomical and experimental investigation. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1954;100:8-109.
6. 9. Allison AC. Danger of vitamin K to newborn. Lancet 1955;2:669.
7. 10. Mayer TC, Angus J. The effect of large doses of `Synkavit’ in the newborn. Arch Dis Child 1956;31:212-5.
8. 11. Golding J, Greenwood R, Birmingham K, Mott M. Childhood cancer, intramuscular vitamin K and pethidine given during labour. BMJ 1992;305:341-6.

9. 12. Klebanoff MA, Read JS, Mills JL, Shiono PH. The risk of childhood cancer after neonatal exposure to vitamin K. N Engl J Med 1993;329:905-8.
10. 13. Costakos DT, Greer FR, Love LA, Dahlen LR, Suttie JW. Vitamin K prophylaxis for premature infants: 1 mg versus 0.5 mg. Am J Perinatol 2003;20:485-90.
11. 14. Booth SL, Suttie JW. Dietary Intake and Adequacy of Vitamin K1. J Nutr 1998;128:785-8.
12. 15. Monagle P, Andrew M. Nathan and Oski’s Hematology of Infancy and Childhood, In: Nathan DG, Orkin SH, Ginsburg D, Look AT (eds), Neonatal Hematology, Developmental hemostasis: relevance to newborns and infants. 6th edition: Saunders, Philadelphia; 2003. P.121-68.
13. 16. Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academic Press; 2002. p.162-89.
14. 17. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007. [phone].
15. 18. Suttie JW. Vitamin K. In: Diplock AD, ed. Fat-soluble vitamins: their biochemistry and applications. London, Heinemann 1985. p.225-311.
16. 19. Furie B, Furie BC. Molecular basis of vitamin K-dependent g-carboxylation. Blood 1990;75:1753-62.
17. 20. Ni R, Nishikawa Y, Carr BI. Cell growth inhibition by a novel vitamin K is associated with induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1998;273:9906-11.
18. 21. Matsueda K, Yamamoto H, Yoshida Y, Notohara K. Hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas producing protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). J Gastroenterol 2006;41:1011-9.
19. 22. von Kries R, Becker A, Göbel U. Vitamin K in the newborn: influence of nutritional factors on acarboxy-prothrombin detectability and factor II and VII clotting activity. European Journal of Pediatrics 1987;146:123-7.
20. 23. Vermeer C. g-Carboxyglutamate-containing proteins and the vitamin Kdependent carboxylase. Biochemical Journal 1990;266:625-36.
21. 24. Kasatkar P, Shetty S, Ghosh K. Delayed vitamin K deficiency as a cause of bleeding: still a concern in the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:660-7.
22. 25. Vermeer C, Jie K-S, Knapen MHJ. Role of vitamin K in bone metabolism. Annual Review of Nutrition 1995;15:1-22.
23. 26. Binkley NC, Suttie JW. Vitamin K nutrition and osteoporosis. Journal of Nutrition 1995;125:1812-21.
24. 27. Philip Lanzkowsky. Hemostasis. Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Third Edition. Academic Press, New York 2000; 287-331.
25. 28. Sutor Ah, Von Kries R, Cornelissen Eam, MorneLissen Eam, Mcninch Aw, Andrew M. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy. Throm Haemost 1999;81:456-61.
26. 29. Hey E. Effect of maternal anticonvulsant treatment on neonatal blood coagulation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999;81: F208-10.
27. 30. Erja Kaaja, Risto Kaaja, Riitta Matila, Vilho Hiilesmaa. Enzymeinducing antiepileptic drugs and the risk of bleeding in the neonate. Neurology 2002;58:549-53.
28. 31. Puckett RM, Offringa M. Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;4:CD002776.
29. 32. McNinch AW, Barton J, Tripp JH. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the British Isles and the changing pattern of vitamin K prophylaxis. In: Sutor AH, Hathaway WE, eds. Vitamin K in infancy. Stuttgart: Schattauer Verlag; 1995. p.165-72.
30. 33. Choo KE, Tan KK, Chuah SP, Ariffin WA, Gururaj A. Haemorrhagic disease in newborn and older infants: a study of hospitalised children in Kelantan, Malasia. Ann Trop Paediatr 1994;14:231-7.
31. 34. Koc A, Sarrao¤lu S, Alt›ntafl, Minnet C. Vitamin B12 deficiency as one the major causes of post-neonatal vitamin K deficiency. XXXth World Congress of International Society of Hematology, 28 September-2 October 2005, ‹stanbul, Abstract Book, Abstract: 356, Poster: 263. p.160-1.
32. 35. Tovar A, Ameho CK, Blumberg JB, Peterson JW, Smith D, Booth SL. Extrahepatic tissue concentrations of vitamin K are lower in rats fed a high vitamin E diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2006;3:29.
33. 36. Schaefer C. Exposure to vitamin K antagonists during pregnancy. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2006;4:509-10.
34. 37. Liu J, Wang Q, Chen YH, Qin GL, Zhao JH, Zhu LC. [Level of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in premature infants and the influence of maternal antenatal administration of vitamin K1 on their activity] Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2005;43:908-10.
35. 38. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Controversies concerning vitamin K and the newborn. Pediatrics 2003;112:191-2.
36. 39. Sutor AH. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants and children. A status report. In: Sutor AH, Hathaway WE, eds. Vitamin K in Infancy. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 1995. p.3-18.
37. 40. Bahar A, Karademir F, Göçmen ‹. Yenido¤an›n hemorajik hastal›¤› ve K vitamini uygulamas›. DEU T›p Fakültesi Dergisi 2002;2:67-72.
38. 41. Tsujioka T, Miura Y, Otsuki T, et al. The mechanisms of vitamin K2-induced apoptosis of myeloma cells. Haematologica 2006;91:613-9.
39. 42. Casas JS, Castellano EE, Couce MD, Ellena J, Sánchez A, Sordo J. A gold (I) complex with a vitamin K3 derivative: characterization and antitumoral activity. J Inorg Biochem 2006;100:1858-60.
40. 43. Parekh H,Chavan S, Advani S, Chitnis M. Single and combination treatment with vitamin K3 and adriamcin: in vitro effects on cell survival and DNA damage in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Sel Cancer Ther 1991;7:127-35.
41. 44. Xu CJ, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang TM. Menadione reduced doxorubicin resistance in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1998;19:273-6.
42. 45. Kassouf W, Highshaw R, Nelkin GM, Dinney CP, Kamat AM. Vitamins C and K3 sensitize human urothelial tumors to gemcitabine. J Urol 2006;176:1642-7.
43. 46. Hubbard D, Tobias JD. Intracerebral hemorrhage due to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn and failure to administer vitamin K at birth. South Med J 2006;99:1216-20.