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Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 104 - 110, 01.06.2010

Öz

Giriş: Çalışmamızda Tip 1 diyabetli kız olgularda glisemik kontrolün plazma ghrelin düzeyleri ve serum IGF-1 düzeyleri üzerine etkisini göstermeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda yaşları 14-20 yıl arasında, puberte Tanner evre 5 olan32 tip 1 diyabetli kız olgu seçildi. Bu olgular son 1 yıllık ortalama glikozile hemoglobin ölçümlerine göre 18’i metabolik kontrolü iyi, 14’ü metabolik kontrolü kötü olarak 2 grubaayrıldılar. Kontrol grubu olarak yaş ve puberte açısından benzer 15 sağlıklı kız çocuk seçildi. Olguların sabah açlık plazma ghrelin düzeyleri ve serum IGF-1 düzeyleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Ortalama ghrelin düzeyleri metabolik kontrolü iyi olan tip 1 diyabetli olgularda483,4±221,9 pg/ml, metabolik kontrolü kötü olan olgularda 310,7±110,2 pg/ml ve sağlıklıkontrollerde 471,9±175,0 pg/ml bulundu. Ortalama IGF-1 düzeyleri iyi metabolik kontrollüolgularda 233,9±59,2 ng/ml, kötü metabolik kontrollü olgularda 183,9±36,7 ng/ml, sağlıklıkontrollerde ise 247,3±48,5 ng/ml bulundu. İyi metabolik kontrollü olgularla sağlıklı kontroller arasında plazma ghrelin ve serum IGF-1 düzeyleri için anlamlı fark yoktu. Metabolik kontrolü kötü olan diyabetlilerde ghrelin ve IGF-1 düzeylerinin diğer iki gruba göre baskılandığı gözlendi. Sonuç: Tip 1 diyabetli olgularda metabolik kontrol plazma ghrelin ve serum IGF-1 düzeyleri için belirleyici bir faktör olabilir. Metabolik kontrolü iyi olan olgularda ghrelinve IGF-1 düzeyleri kontrol grubundaki olgularla benzer bulunurken, metabolik kontrolü kötü olan olgularda ghrelin ve IGF-1 düzeylerinin baskılandığı görülmüştür

Kaynakça

  • 1. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402:656-60.
  • 2. Broglio F, Prodam F, Me E, Riganti F, Lucatello B, Granata R et al. Ghrelin: endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular actions. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:23-5.
  • 3. Ghigo E, Broglio F, Arvat E, Maccario M, Papotti M, Muccioli G. Ghrelin: more than a natural GH secretagogue and/or an orexigenic factor. Clin Endocrinol 2005; 62:1-17.
  • 4. Sun Y, Asnicar M, Smith RG. Central and peripheral roles of ghrelin on glucose homeostasis. Neuroendocrinology 2007; 86:215-28.
  • 5. Dezaki K, Sone H, Yada T. Ghrelin is a physiological regulator of insulin release in pancreatic islets and glucose homeostasis. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 118:239-49.
  • 6. Tschöp M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000; 407:908-13.
  • 7. Wierup N, Svensson H, Mulder H, Sundler F. The ghrelin cell: a novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas. Regul Pept 2002; 107:63-9.
  • 8. Rindi G, Necchi V, Savio A, Torsello A, Zoli M, Locatelli V et al. Characterisation of gastric ghrelin cells in man and other mammals: studies in adult and fetal tissues. Histochem Cell Biol 2002; 117:511-9.
  • 9. Adeghate E, Ponery AS Ghrelin stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2002; 14:555-60.
  • 10. Lee HM, Wang G, Englander EW, Kojima M, Greeley Jr. Ghrelin, a new gastrointestinal endocrine peptide that stimulates insulin secretion: enteric distribution, ontogeny, influence of endocrine and dietary manipulations. Endocrinology 2002; 143:185-90.
  • 11. Egido EM, Rodríguez-Gallardo J, Silvestre RA, Marco J. Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 146:241-4.
  • 12. Broglio F, Arvat E, Benso A, Gottero C, Muccioli G, Papotti M et al. Ghrelin, natural GH secretagogue produced by the stomach, induces hyperglycemia and reduces insulin secretion in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5083-6.
  • 13. Broglio F, Benso A, Castiglioni C, Gottero C, Prodam F, Destefanis S et al. The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in humans in young and elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1537-42.
  • 14. Mauras N, Haymond MW. Are the metabolic effects of GH and IGF-I separable? Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:19-27.
  • 15. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:48-65.
  • 16. Shiiya T, Nakazato M, Mizuta M, Date Y, Mondal MS, Tanaka M et al. Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:240-4.
  • 17. Baldelli R, Bellone S, Castellino N, Petri A, Rapa A, Vivenza D et al. Oral glucose load inhibits circulating ghrelin levels to the same extent in normal and obese children. Clin Endocrinol 2006; 64:255-9.
  • 18. Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50:1714-9.
  • 19. Caixa`s A, Bashore C, Nash W, Pi-Sunyer FX, Laferrere B. Insulin, unlike food intake, does not suppress ghrelin in human subjects. J Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:1902-6.
  • 20. Schaller G, Schmidt A, Pleiner J, Woloszczuk W, Woltz M, Luger A. Plasma ghrelin concentrations are not regulated by glucose or insulin. Diabetes 2003; 52:16-20.
  • 21. Saad MF, Bernaba B, Hwu CM, Jinagouda S, Fahmi S, Kogosov E et al. Insulin regulates plasma ghrelin concentration. J Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:3997-4000.
  • 22. Flanagan DE, Evans ML, Monsod TP, Rife F, Heptulla RA, Tamborlane WV, et al. The influence of insulin on circulating ghrelin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284:313-6.
  • 23. Celi F, Bini V, Papi F, Santilli E, Ferretti A, Mencacci M et al. Circulating acylated and total ghrelin and galanin in children with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes: relationship to insulin therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development. Clinical Endocrinology 2005; 63:139-45.
  • 24. Soriano-Guillén L, Barrios V, Lechuga-Sancho A, Chowen JA, Argente J. Response of circulating ghrelin levels to insulin therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatric Research 2004; 55:830-5.
  • 25. Poykko SM, Kellokoski E, Horkko S, Kauma H, Kesaniemi YA, Ukkola O. Low plasma ghrelin is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003; 52:2546-53.
  • 26. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Frayo RS, Cummings DE. Plasma ghrelin concentrations are decreased in insulin-resistant obese adults relative to equally obese insulin sensitive controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:1630-5.
  • 27. Murdolo G, Lucidi P, Di Loreto C, Parlanti N, De Cicco A, Fatone C et al. Insulin is required for prandial ghrelin suppression in humans. Diabetes 2003; 52:2923-7.
  • 28. Lucidi P, Murdolo G, Di Loreto C, De Cicco A, Parlanti N, Fanelli C et al. Ghrelin is not necessary for adequate hormonal counterregulation to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2002; 51:2911-4.
  • 29. Pagotto U, Gambineri A, Vicennati V, Heiman ML, Tschöp M, Pasquali R. Plasma ghrelin, obesity, and the polycystic ovary syndrome: correlation with insulin resistance and androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:5625-9.
  • 30. Ikezaki A, Hosoda H, Ito K, Iwama S, Miura N, Matsuoka H et al. Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and PAI-1, but not with leptin, in obese children and adolescents. Diabetes 2002; 51:3408-11.
  • 31. Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, Park CY. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents. Metabolism 2005; 54:925-9.
  • 32. Bideci A, Camurdan MO, Cinaz P, Demirel F. Ghrelin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18:1433-9.
  • 33. Li G, Mick G, Wang X, Xue J, McCormick K. Growth hormone-IGF-I axis and growth velocity in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:1313-8.
  • 34. Radetti G, Paganini C, Antoniazzi F, Pasquino B, Valentini R, Gentili L et al. Growth hormone-binding proteins, IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Horm Res 1997; 47:110-5.
  • 35. Munoz MT, Barrios V, Pozo J, Argente J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Its Binding Proteins 1 and 3, and Growth Hormone-Binding Protein in Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Implications. Pediatrics Research 1996; 39:992-8.
  • 36. Giustina A, Wehrenberg WB. Growth hormone neuroregulation in diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994; 5:73-8.
  • 37. Edge JA, Dunger DB, Matthews DR, Gilbert JP, Smith CP. Increased overnight growth hormone concentrations in diabetes compared with normal adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:1356-62.
  • 38. Bach JA, Baxter RC, Werther G. Abnormal regulation of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins in adolescents with insulindependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73:964-8.
  • 39. Brismar K, Fernquist-Forbes E, Wahen J, Hall K. Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factorbinding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3 and IGF-I in insulindependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:872-8.

The Effect of Glycemic Control on Plasma Ghrelin and Serum IGF-1 Levels in Type 1 Diabetic Girls

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 104 - 110, 01.06.2010

Öz

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycemic control onplasma ghrelin levels and serum IGF-1 levels in girls with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Method: The study group composed of 32 diabetic girls between theages of 14.0-20.0 years with Tanner pubertal stage 5; and 15 healthy girls in similar ageswith Tanner pubertal stage 5 formed the control group. Diabetic girls were classified aswell glycemic controlled n=18 and poor glycemic controlled n=14 according to lastyear’s mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels. All subjects were tested for fasting plasma ghrelin and serum IGF-1 levels. Results: The mean fasting plasma ghrelin levels in girls with well controlled diabetes, ingirls wtih poor controlled diabetes and in control group were 483.4±221.9 pg/ml,310.7±110.2 pg/ml, 471.9±175.0 pg/ml respectively. The mean serum IGF-1 levels in girlswith well controlled diabetes was 233.9±59.2 ng/ml, in girls with poor controlled diabetes183.9±36.7 ng/ml, and in healthy controls 247.3±48.5 ng/ml. Plasma ghrelin levels and serum IGF-1 levels were similar in girls with well controlled diabetes and in the controlgroup, however it was significantly supressed in those with poorly controlled diabetes. Conclusion: The metabolic control may be a determinative factor on plasma ghrelin andserum IGF-1 levels of type 1 diabetics. Plasma ghrelin and serum IGF-1 levels were similarin well glycemic controlled diabetics and control group, while they were suppressed inonly poor glycemic controlled diabetics

Kaynakça

  • 1. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402:656-60.
  • 2. Broglio F, Prodam F, Me E, Riganti F, Lucatello B, Granata R et al. Ghrelin: endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular actions. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:23-5.
  • 3. Ghigo E, Broglio F, Arvat E, Maccario M, Papotti M, Muccioli G. Ghrelin: more than a natural GH secretagogue and/or an orexigenic factor. Clin Endocrinol 2005; 62:1-17.
  • 4. Sun Y, Asnicar M, Smith RG. Central and peripheral roles of ghrelin on glucose homeostasis. Neuroendocrinology 2007; 86:215-28.
  • 5. Dezaki K, Sone H, Yada T. Ghrelin is a physiological regulator of insulin release in pancreatic islets and glucose homeostasis. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 118:239-49.
  • 6. Tschöp M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000; 407:908-13.
  • 7. Wierup N, Svensson H, Mulder H, Sundler F. The ghrelin cell: a novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas. Regul Pept 2002; 107:63-9.
  • 8. Rindi G, Necchi V, Savio A, Torsello A, Zoli M, Locatelli V et al. Characterisation of gastric ghrelin cells in man and other mammals: studies in adult and fetal tissues. Histochem Cell Biol 2002; 117:511-9.
  • 9. Adeghate E, Ponery AS Ghrelin stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2002; 14:555-60.
  • 10. Lee HM, Wang G, Englander EW, Kojima M, Greeley Jr. Ghrelin, a new gastrointestinal endocrine peptide that stimulates insulin secretion: enteric distribution, ontogeny, influence of endocrine and dietary manipulations. Endocrinology 2002; 143:185-90.
  • 11. Egido EM, Rodríguez-Gallardo J, Silvestre RA, Marco J. Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 146:241-4.
  • 12. Broglio F, Arvat E, Benso A, Gottero C, Muccioli G, Papotti M et al. Ghrelin, natural GH secretagogue produced by the stomach, induces hyperglycemia and reduces insulin secretion in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5083-6.
  • 13. Broglio F, Benso A, Castiglioni C, Gottero C, Prodam F, Destefanis S et al. The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in humans in young and elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1537-42.
  • 14. Mauras N, Haymond MW. Are the metabolic effects of GH and IGF-I separable? Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:19-27.
  • 15. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:48-65.
  • 16. Shiiya T, Nakazato M, Mizuta M, Date Y, Mondal MS, Tanaka M et al. Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:240-4.
  • 17. Baldelli R, Bellone S, Castellino N, Petri A, Rapa A, Vivenza D et al. Oral glucose load inhibits circulating ghrelin levels to the same extent in normal and obese children. Clin Endocrinol 2006; 64:255-9.
  • 18. Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50:1714-9.
  • 19. Caixa`s A, Bashore C, Nash W, Pi-Sunyer FX, Laferrere B. Insulin, unlike food intake, does not suppress ghrelin in human subjects. J Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:1902-6.
  • 20. Schaller G, Schmidt A, Pleiner J, Woloszczuk W, Woltz M, Luger A. Plasma ghrelin concentrations are not regulated by glucose or insulin. Diabetes 2003; 52:16-20.
  • 21. Saad MF, Bernaba B, Hwu CM, Jinagouda S, Fahmi S, Kogosov E et al. Insulin regulates plasma ghrelin concentration. J Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:3997-4000.
  • 22. Flanagan DE, Evans ML, Monsod TP, Rife F, Heptulla RA, Tamborlane WV, et al. The influence of insulin on circulating ghrelin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284:313-6.
  • 23. Celi F, Bini V, Papi F, Santilli E, Ferretti A, Mencacci M et al. Circulating acylated and total ghrelin and galanin in children with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes: relationship to insulin therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development. Clinical Endocrinology 2005; 63:139-45.
  • 24. Soriano-Guillén L, Barrios V, Lechuga-Sancho A, Chowen JA, Argente J. Response of circulating ghrelin levels to insulin therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatric Research 2004; 55:830-5.
  • 25. Poykko SM, Kellokoski E, Horkko S, Kauma H, Kesaniemi YA, Ukkola O. Low plasma ghrelin is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003; 52:2546-53.
  • 26. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Frayo RS, Cummings DE. Plasma ghrelin concentrations are decreased in insulin-resistant obese adults relative to equally obese insulin sensitive controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:1630-5.
  • 27. Murdolo G, Lucidi P, Di Loreto C, Parlanti N, De Cicco A, Fatone C et al. Insulin is required for prandial ghrelin suppression in humans. Diabetes 2003; 52:2923-7.
  • 28. Lucidi P, Murdolo G, Di Loreto C, De Cicco A, Parlanti N, Fanelli C et al. Ghrelin is not necessary for adequate hormonal counterregulation to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2002; 51:2911-4.
  • 29. Pagotto U, Gambineri A, Vicennati V, Heiman ML, Tschöp M, Pasquali R. Plasma ghrelin, obesity, and the polycystic ovary syndrome: correlation with insulin resistance and androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:5625-9.
  • 30. Ikezaki A, Hosoda H, Ito K, Iwama S, Miura N, Matsuoka H et al. Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and PAI-1, but not with leptin, in obese children and adolescents. Diabetes 2002; 51:3408-11.
  • 31. Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, Park CY. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents. Metabolism 2005; 54:925-9.
  • 32. Bideci A, Camurdan MO, Cinaz P, Demirel F. Ghrelin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18:1433-9.
  • 33. Li G, Mick G, Wang X, Xue J, McCormick K. Growth hormone-IGF-I axis and growth velocity in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:1313-8.
  • 34. Radetti G, Paganini C, Antoniazzi F, Pasquino B, Valentini R, Gentili L et al. Growth hormone-binding proteins, IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Horm Res 1997; 47:110-5.
  • 35. Munoz MT, Barrios V, Pozo J, Argente J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Its Binding Proteins 1 and 3, and Growth Hormone-Binding Protein in Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Implications. Pediatrics Research 1996; 39:992-8.
  • 36. Giustina A, Wehrenberg WB. Growth hormone neuroregulation in diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994; 5:73-8.
  • 37. Edge JA, Dunger DB, Matthews DR, Gilbert JP, Smith CP. Increased overnight growth hormone concentrations in diabetes compared with normal adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:1356-62.
  • 38. Bach JA, Baxter RC, Werther G. Abnormal regulation of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins in adolescents with insulindependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73:964-8.
  • 39. Brismar K, Fernquist-Forbes E, Wahen J, Hall K. Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factorbinding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3 and IGF-I in insulindependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:872-8.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Tolga Altuğ Şen

Reşit Köken Bu kişi benim

Tevfik Demir Bu kişi benim

Ayşegül Bükülmez Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şen, T. A., Köken, R., Demir, T., Bükülmez, A. (2010). Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi. Güncel Pediatri, 8(1), 104-110.
AMA Şen TA, Köken R, Demir T, Bükülmez A. Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi. Güncel Pediatri. Haziran 2010;8(1):104-110.
Chicago Şen, Tolga Altuğ, Reşit Köken, Tevfik Demir, ve Ayşegül Bükülmez. “Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin Ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi”. Güncel Pediatri 8, sy. 1 (Haziran 2010): 104-10.
EndNote Şen TA, Köken R, Demir T, Bükülmez A (01 Haziran 2010) Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi. Güncel Pediatri 8 1 104–110.
IEEE T. A. Şen, R. Köken, T. Demir, ve A. Bükülmez, “Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi”, Güncel Pediatri, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 104–110, 2010.
ISNAD Şen, Tolga Altuğ vd. “Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin Ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi”. Güncel Pediatri 8/1 (Haziran 2010), 104-110.
JAMA Şen TA, Köken R, Demir T, Bükülmez A. Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi. Güncel Pediatri. 2010;8:104–110.
MLA Şen, Tolga Altuğ vd. “Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin Ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi”. Güncel Pediatri, c. 8, sy. 1, 2010, ss. 104-10.
Vancouver Şen TA, Köken R, Demir T, Bükülmez A. Tip 1 Diyabetli Kız Olgularda Glisemik Kontrolün Plazma Ghrelin ve Serum IGF-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi. Güncel Pediatri. 2010;8(1):104-10.