Nöroendokrin araştırmalar sonucunda nörohormonal işlevler ve major depresyon ve anoreksia nervosa gibi psikiyatrik hastalıkların semptom kompleksleri arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Kaynakça
1. Stokes PE, Sikes CR. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in major depression. Neurol Clin 1988; 6(1): 1-19.
2. Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Roy A, et al. Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(21):1329-35.
3. Heinrichs SC, Menzaghi F, Pich EM, et al. The role of CRF in behavioral aspects of stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;771:92-104.
4. Deak T, Nguyen KT, Ehrlich AL, et al. The impact of the nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist antalarmin on behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Endocrinology 1999;140(1):79-86.
5. Weissman MM, Klerman GL. Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;3:98-111.
6. Altman N, Sachar EJ, Gruen PH, et al. Reduced plasma LH concentration in postmenopausal depressed women. Psychosom Med 1975;37:274-76.
7. Rivest S, Rivier C. The role of corticotropin releasing factor and interleukin-1 in the regulation of neurons controlling reproductive function. Endocr Rev 1995;16:177-79.
8. Sirinathsinghji DJ, Rees LH, Rivier J, Vale W. Corticotropin releasing factor is a potent inhibitor of sexual reproductivity in the female rat. Nature 1983; 305:232-35.
9. Bebbington PE, Dunn G, Jenkins R, et al. The influence of age and sex on the prevalance of depresive conditions: report from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Psychol Med 1998;28:9-19.
10. Archer JS. Relationship between estrogen, serotonin, and depression. Menopause. 1999;6:71-8.
11. Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Roca CA. Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:839-50.
12. Esposito S, Prange AJ, Golden RN. The thyroid axis and mood disorders: overview and future prospects. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997;33(2):205-17.
13. Joffe RT. The use of thyroid supplements to augment antidepressant medication. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;5(26):26-31
14. Joffe RT, Levitt AJ. The thyroid and depression. In: Joffe RT, Levitt AJ (eds). The thyroid axis and psychiatric illness. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1993:p 195-217.
15. Woeber KA. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 1997;157(10): 1065-68.
16. Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, et al. Diurnal hypersecretion of growth hormone in depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;60:505-12.
17. Michelson D, Stratakis C, Hill L, et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. N Engl J Med 1996;335(16):1176-81.
18. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Paul I, et al. Depressive vulnerability is not an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1999;33:133-37.
19. Kramer MS, Cutler N, Feighner J, et al. Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors. Science 1998;281(5383): 1640-46.
20. Neumarker KJ. Mortality and sudden death in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1997;21(3):205-12.
21. Licinio J, Wong ML, Gold PW. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 1996;62(1):75-83.
22. Gold PW, Gwirtsman H, Avgerinos PC, et al. Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients. N Engl J Med 1986;314(21):1335-42.
23. Kling MA, Demitrack MA, Whitfield HJ Jr, et al. Effects of the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 on pituitary-adrenal function in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy volunteers: enhancement of plasma ACTH and cortisol secretion in underweight patients. Neuroendocrinology 1993;57(6):1082-91.
24. Gold PW, Kaye W, Robertson GL, Ebert M. Abnormalities in plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid arginine vasopressin in patients with anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1983;308(19):1117-23.
25. Chiodera P, Volpi R, Marchesi C, et al. Reduction in the arginine vasopressin responses to metoclopramide and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal weight bulimic women. Neuroendocrinology 1993;57(5):907-11.
26. Morimoto Y, Oishi T, Hanasaki N, et al. Interrelations among amenorrhea, serum gonadotropins and body weight in anorexia nervosa. Endocrinol Jpn 1980;27(2):191-200.
28. Chrousos GP, Torpy DJ, Gold PW. Interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the female reproductive system: clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(3):229-40.
29. Obarzanek E, Lesem MD, Jimerson DC. Resting metabolic rate of anorexia nervosa patients during weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(5):666-75.
30. Altemus M, Hetherington MM, Flood M, Licinio J, Nelson ML, Bernat AS, Gold PW. Decrease in resting metabolic rate during abstinence from bulimic behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148(8):1071-72.
31. Gianotti L, Broglio F, Aimaretti G, et al. Low IGF-I levels are often uncoupled with elevated GH levels in catabolic conditions. J Endocrinol Invest 1998;21(2):115-21.
32. Grinspoon S, Baum H, Lee K, Anderson E, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Effects of short-term recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I administration on bone turnover in osteopenic women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(11):3864-70.
33. Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, Goodman E, Crawford MH, Leboff MS. Changes in bone turnover markers and menstrual function after shortterm oral DHEA in young women with anorexia nervosa. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(1):136-45.
34. Eckert ED, Pomeroy C, Raymond N, Kohler PF, Thuras P, Bowers CY. Leptin in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(3):791-5.
35. Kaye WH. Neuropeptide abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 1996;62(1):65-74.
1. Stokes PE, Sikes CR. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in major depression. Neurol Clin 1988; 6(1): 1-19.
2. Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Roy A, et al. Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(21):1329-35.
3. Heinrichs SC, Menzaghi F, Pich EM, et al. The role of CRF in behavioral aspects of stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;771:92-104.
4. Deak T, Nguyen KT, Ehrlich AL, et al. The impact of the nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist antalarmin on behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Endocrinology 1999;140(1):79-86.
5. Weissman MM, Klerman GL. Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;3:98-111.
6. Altman N, Sachar EJ, Gruen PH, et al. Reduced plasma LH concentration in postmenopausal depressed women. Psychosom Med 1975;37:274-76.
7. Rivest S, Rivier C. The role of corticotropin releasing factor and interleukin-1 in the regulation of neurons controlling reproductive function. Endocr Rev 1995;16:177-79.
8. Sirinathsinghji DJ, Rees LH, Rivier J, Vale W. Corticotropin releasing factor is a potent inhibitor of sexual reproductivity in the female rat. Nature 1983; 305:232-35.
9. Bebbington PE, Dunn G, Jenkins R, et al. The influence of age and sex on the prevalance of depresive conditions: report from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Psychol Med 1998;28:9-19.
10. Archer JS. Relationship between estrogen, serotonin, and depression. Menopause. 1999;6:71-8.
11. Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Roca CA. Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:839-50.
12. Esposito S, Prange AJ, Golden RN. The thyroid axis and mood disorders: overview and future prospects. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997;33(2):205-17.
13. Joffe RT. The use of thyroid supplements to augment antidepressant medication. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;5(26):26-31
14. Joffe RT, Levitt AJ. The thyroid and depression. In: Joffe RT, Levitt AJ (eds). The thyroid axis and psychiatric illness. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1993:p 195-217.
15. Woeber KA. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 1997;157(10): 1065-68.
16. Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, et al. Diurnal hypersecretion of growth hormone in depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;60:505-12.
17. Michelson D, Stratakis C, Hill L, et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. N Engl J Med 1996;335(16):1176-81.
18. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Paul I, et al. Depressive vulnerability is not an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1999;33:133-37.
19. Kramer MS, Cutler N, Feighner J, et al. Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors. Science 1998;281(5383): 1640-46.
20. Neumarker KJ. Mortality and sudden death in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1997;21(3):205-12.
21. Licinio J, Wong ML, Gold PW. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 1996;62(1):75-83.
22. Gold PW, Gwirtsman H, Avgerinos PC, et al. Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients. N Engl J Med 1986;314(21):1335-42.
23. Kling MA, Demitrack MA, Whitfield HJ Jr, et al. Effects of the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 on pituitary-adrenal function in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy volunteers: enhancement of plasma ACTH and cortisol secretion in underweight patients. Neuroendocrinology 1993;57(6):1082-91.
24. Gold PW, Kaye W, Robertson GL, Ebert M. Abnormalities in plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid arginine vasopressin in patients with anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1983;308(19):1117-23.
25. Chiodera P, Volpi R, Marchesi C, et al. Reduction in the arginine vasopressin responses to metoclopramide and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal weight bulimic women. Neuroendocrinology 1993;57(5):907-11.
26. Morimoto Y, Oishi T, Hanasaki N, et al. Interrelations among amenorrhea, serum gonadotropins and body weight in anorexia nervosa. Endocrinol Jpn 1980;27(2):191-200.
28. Chrousos GP, Torpy DJ, Gold PW. Interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the female reproductive system: clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(3):229-40.
29. Obarzanek E, Lesem MD, Jimerson DC. Resting metabolic rate of anorexia nervosa patients during weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(5):666-75.
30. Altemus M, Hetherington MM, Flood M, Licinio J, Nelson ML, Bernat AS, Gold PW. Decrease in resting metabolic rate during abstinence from bulimic behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148(8):1071-72.
31. Gianotti L, Broglio F, Aimaretti G, et al. Low IGF-I levels are often uncoupled with elevated GH levels in catabolic conditions. J Endocrinol Invest 1998;21(2):115-21.
32. Grinspoon S, Baum H, Lee K, Anderson E, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Effects of short-term recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I administration on bone turnover in osteopenic women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(11):3864-70.
33. Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, Goodman E, Crawford MH, Leboff MS. Changes in bone turnover markers and menstrual function after shortterm oral DHEA in young women with anorexia nervosa. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(1):136-45.
34. Eckert ED, Pomeroy C, Raymond N, Kohler PF, Thuras P, Bowers CY. Leptin in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(3):791-5.
35. Kaye WH. Neuropeptide abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 1996;62(1):65-74.