Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve AR-GE Harcamalarının İklim Değişikliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: BRICS-T ve Seçilmiş OECD Üyesi Ülkeler Örneği

Öz

Günümüz dünyasının en acil sorunlarından biri olan iklim değişikliği, araştırmacılar ve politika yapıcılar tarafından üzerinde durulan önemli bir konudur. Küresel bir sorun haline gelen iklim değişikliği, çevre ve insanlar üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 2000-2020 dönemi için BRICS-T (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika, Türkiye) ve seçilmiş OECD (Birleşik Krallık, İtalya, Kanada, İspanya, Portekiz, Danimarka, Norveç, Avusturya, İspanya, Portekiz, Danimarka, Norveç, Avustralya) üyesi ülkelerde DYY ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının iklim değişikliği üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi yöntemiyle araştırmaktır. OECD ve BRICS-T ülke grupları ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre iklim değişikliği ile araştırma ve geliştirme değişkenleri arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmazken, araştırma ve geliştirme ile doğrudan yabancı yatırım değişkenleri arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Nedensellik ilişkisi ülkeler ve değişkenler için incelendiğinde ise Rusya ve Hindistan için araştırma ve geliştirme ile doğrudan yabancı yatırım değişkenleri arasında çift yönlü, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye için ise araştırma ve geliştirme değişkeninden doğrudan yabancı yatırım değişkenine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DYY
• CO2 Eemisyonları
• Panel Veri Analizi
• Ar-Ge

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and R&D Expenditures on Climate Change: The Case Of BRICS-T and Selected OECD Member Countries

Öz

Climate change, one of the most urgent problems of today's world, is an important issue emphasized by researchers and policymakers. Climate change, which has become a global problem, has negative consequences on the environment and people. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of FDI and R&D expenditures on climate change in BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey) and selected OECD (United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Australia) member countries for the period 2000-2020 using panel data analysis method. OECD and BRICS-T country groups are analyzed separately. According to the results of the analysis, it is found that there is no causality relationship between climate change and research and development variables, while there is a bidirectional causality relationship between research and development and foreign direct investment variables. When the causality relationship is analyzed for countries and variables, it is found that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between research and development and FDI variables for Russia and India, and a unidirectional causality relationship from research and development variable to FDI variable for China, South Africa and Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• FDI
• CO2 Emissions
• Panel Data Analysis
• R&D

Kaynakça

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