Sağlık Algısı, Güven ve Konumsal Gelir: Türkiye’den Bulgular

Öz

Bu çalışma, bireylerin sağlık algısı üzerinde genel güven ve konumsal gelirin etkilerini incelemektedir. Türkiye için elde edilen veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen sıralı lojistik regresyon analizleri, sağlık algısının yalnızca demografik faktörlerden değil, aynı zamanda bireylerin toplum içindeki göreli konumları ve sosyal güven düzeylerinden de etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, konumsal gelirin sağlık algısı üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu; bireylerin gelir hiyerarşisinde daha üst konumlarda yer aldıkça sağlık durumlarını daha olumlu değerlendirdiklerini göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, genel güven düzeyinin de sağlık algısını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyete göre yapılan analizler, bu etkilerin heterojen olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Düşük konumsal gelir düzeyi her iki cinsiyet için olumsuz etkiler yaratırken, yüksek konumsal gelirin olumlu etkisinin özellikle erkeklerde daha belirgin olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, genel güvenin sağlık üzerindeki etkisinin kadınlarda daha güçlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, sağlık algısının ekonomik ve sosyal faktörlerin birlikte şekillendirdiği çok boyutlu bir yapı olduğunu göstermekte ve politika tasarımında konumsal gelir ile genel güvenin birlikte dikkate alınmasının önemine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık algısı
• güven
• konumsal gelir
• cinsiyet farklılıkları

Health Perception, Trust, and Positional Income: Evidence from Turkey

Öz

This study examines the effects of generalized trust and positional income on individuals’ health perception. Using data from Turkey, ordered logistic regression analyses reveal that self-rated health is influenced not only by demographic factors but also by individuals’ relative positions within society and their levels of social trust. The findings indicate that high-income has a positive and statistically significant effect on self-rated health, suggesting that individuals positioned higher in the income hierarchy are more likely to evaluate their health more positively. Similarly, a higher level of trust is found to improve self-rated health. Gender-based analyses show that these effects are heterogeneous. While low levels of income have negative effects for both genders, the positive impact of higher income is more pronounced among men. In contrast, the effect of generalized trust on health is stronger among women. Overall, the findings suggest that health perception is a multidimensional construct shaped jointly by economic and social factors, highlighting the importance of considering both income levels of people and generalized trust in policy design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Self-rated health
• trust
• positional income
• gender differences

Kaynakça

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