Evaluation of Foreign Direct Investment Attractiveness of BRICS-T Countries: The CRITIC-LOPCOW Based ARAS Approach

Öz

: Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are of significant importance not only for multinational corporations (MNCs) but also for the development of the countries receiving these investments. Many countries, especially developing countries, are making efforts to attract more FDIs. This study focuses on BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye) countries, which play an important role in the global development landscape. The primary objective of this study is to assess the FDI attractiveness of BRICS-T countries for the period 2019-2023 through the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). In this study, CRITIC, LOPCOW and common weighting methods were used for criteria weighting. The study revealed that the corruption perception index (CPI), economic freedom index (EFI) and inflation rate were important in the criterion weights, while electricity production and gross domestic product (GDP) had low weights. Furthermore, an examination of the integrated performance results of all criteria weighting methods and the ARAS method reveals that China, India, and Türkiye stand out among the BRICS-T countries in terms of FDI attractiveness. Conversely, Brazil, Russia, and South Africa are identified as countries with the lowest FDI attractiveness. In general, Türkiye's FDI attractiveness has increased over the years, while Russia's FDI attractiveness has decreased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• FDI
• MCDM
• BRICS countries
• Türkiye
• MNCs

BRICS-T Ülkelerinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Çekiciliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: CRITIC-LOPCOW Tabanlı ARAS Yaklaşımı

Öz

Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY’ler), çok uluslu şirketler (ÇUŞ’lar) için önemli olduğu kadar, bu yatırımları alan ülkelerin gelişmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Başta gelişmekte olan ülkeler olmak üzere birçok ülke, ülkelerine daha fazla DYY çekmek için çaba göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında dünyada önemli bir yere sahip olan BRICS-T (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye) ülkelerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, 2019-2023 dönemi için BRICS-T ülkelerinin DYY çekiciliğini çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri (ÇKKV) ile değerlendirmektir. ÇKKV yöntemlerinin bütünleşik olarak ele alındığı çalışmada, kriter ağırlıklandırma için CRITIC, LOPCOW ve ortak ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Performans sonuçlarına ulaşmak için ARAS yöntemine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada, genel itibariyle kriter ağırlıklandırmada yolsuzluk algılama endeksi ve ekonomik özgürlük endeksi ve enflasyon oranı öne çıkarken, elektrik üretimi ve gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) değişkenlerinin kriter ağırlığı düşük olmuştur. Bunun ötesinde bütün kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile ARAS yönteminin bütünleşik performans sonuçlarına göre DYY çekiciliğinde BRICS-T ülkeleri arasında Çin, Hindistan ve Türkiye öne çıkmıştır. Buna karşın, Brezilya, Rusya ve Güney Afrika, DYY çekiciliğinin en düşük olduğu ülkeler arasında yer almıştır. Genel olarak yıllar içinde Türkiye’nin DYY çekiciliği artarken, Rusya’nın DYY çekiciliğinde düşüş olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DYY
• ÇKKV
• BRICS ülkeleri
• Türkiye
• ÇUŞ'lar

Kaynakça

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