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DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FINANCIAL CRIMES EMPLOYING NMV-BASED APLOCO METHOD AND COMPARING CRIME LEVELS OF UNITED NATIONS MEMBER COUNTRIES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 707 - 722, 20.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1625934

Öz

Financial crimes possess an international nature, manifesting in various forms and types, and can spread globally with a single click in the digital age. Controlling these crimes is extremely important for the economic structures of countries. The aim of this study is to determine the significance level of crimes, particularly financial crimes, within the global organized crime index. To achieve this determination, the Normalized Maximum Values (NMV) method, a multi-criteria decision-making approach, was utilized. Subsequently, the Approach on Logarithmic Concept (APLOCO) method was employed to compare the crime levels of countries based on the established weights. According to the findings obtained from the NMV analysis, the significance levels of victim and witness support, prevention, smuggling of affordable goods, and heroin trafficking were identified as the highest. Financial crimes, which are one of the main objectives of the study, were found to have a medium level of significance compared to other crimes. Based on the weights determined by NMV, the results of the APLOCO method indicated that Colombia, Mexico, Myanmar, and Liechtenstein have high crime levels, while countries such as Sao Tome and Principe, Kiribati, Comoros, Eswatini, and Nauru exhibit low crime levels.

Kaynakça

  • Abdullah, A., Gottschalk, P., Gupta, C. M., Kamaei, M., Stadler, W. & Urzica, A.-L. (2024). Perceptions of offender motives, opportunities and willingness for financial crime: an empirical analysis of survey responses in six nations. Journal of Financial Crime, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2024-0097
  • Abdullah, W. N. & Said, R. (2019). Audit and risk committee in financial crime prevention. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 223-234. 10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0116
  • Akkaya, H. & Yüce, M. (2023). Mali suçlarla mücadelede mali istihbaratın rolünün değerlendirilmesi. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 263-285. doi.org/10.54838/ bilgisosyal.998203
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394
  • Bulut, T. (2017). Çok kriterli karar verme (çkkv) modellerinde kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasına yönelik bir model önerisi: Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] Metodu (Normalized Maximum Values [NMV] Method). Erişim Adresi: https://tevfikbulutcom.wordpress.com/2017/06/21/coklu-karar-verme-modellerinde-kriterlerin-agirliklandirilmasina-yonelik-model-onerisi/
  • Bulut, T. (2018). A new multi criteria decision making method: Approach of Logarithmic Concept (APLOCO). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), 9(1), 15-33. 10.5121/ijaia.2018.9102
  • Bulut, T. (2022). Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] metodunun teorik çerçevesi. Erişim Adresi: https://tevfikbulut.net/normalize-edilmis-maksimum-degerler-nmd-metodu/
  • Bulut, T. (2024). Comparison of countries in European Region according to risk factors of noncommunicable diseases by APLOCO method. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1537592
  • Eiya, O. & Otalor, J. I. (2013). Forensic accounting as a tool for fighting financial crime in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(6), 18-25.
  • Global Initiative, (2020). Erişim Adresi: https://globalinitiative.net/initiatives/enact/
  • Global Organized Crime Index, (2023). Erişim Adresi: https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/ocindex-2023/
  • Gottschalk, P. (2010). Theories of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(2), 210-222. 10.1108/13590791011033908
  • Halteh, K. & Tiwari, M. (2023). Preempting fraud: a financial distress prediction perspective on combating financial crime. Journal of Money Laundering, 26(6), 1194-1202. 10.1108/JMLC-01-2023-0013
  • Hansen, L. L. (2009). Corporate financial crime: social diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(1), 28-40. 10.1108/13590790910924948
  • IMF, (2001). Financial System Abuse, Financial Crime and Money Laundering Background Paper. Prepared by the Monetary and Exchange Affairs and Policy Development and Review Departments in Consultation with Legal and Other Departments. https://www.imf.org/external/np/ml/2001/eng/021201.htm
  • Jofre, M., Bosisio, A. & Riccardi, M. (2024). Financial crime risk assessment: machine learning insights into ownership structures in secrecy firms. Global Crime, 25(3-4), 242-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2402848
  • Kahramani Koç, A. (2024). Enron vakası. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) “Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar” İçinde: 221-238. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1994
  • Kurum, E. (2023). RegTech solutions and AML compliance: what future for financial crime? Journal of Financial Crime, 30(3), 776-794. 10.1108/JFC-04-2020-0051
  • Maulidiyah, D. N. (2024). Consensus on the role of culture in restraining financial crime: a systematic literature review. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(4), 883-897. 10.1108/JFC-05-2023-0103
  • Nicholls, J., Kuppa, A. & Le-Khac, N.-A. (2021). Financial cybersrime: a comprehensive survey of deep learning approaches to tackle the evolving financial crime landscape. IEEE Access, 9, 163965-163986. 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3134076
  • Özmerdivanlı, A. (2024). Bernie Madoff Ponzi şeması. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) “Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar” İçinde: 19-44. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1985
  • Reurink, A. (2016). White-Collar crime. European Journal of Sociology, 57(3), 385-415. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975616000163
  • Şentürk, F. & Kasap, M. (2013). Beyaz yaka suçları ve finansal yolsuzluklar. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 143-167.
  • Teichmann, F. M. J. & Falker, M.-C. (2021). Cryptocurrencies and financial crime: solutions from Liechtenstein. Journal of Money Laundering, 24(4), 775-788. 10.1108/JMLC-05-2020-0060
  • Tomasic, R. (2011). The Financial crisis and the haphazard pursuit of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 18(1), 7-31. 10.1108/13590791111098771
  • Trozze, A., Kamps, J., Akartuna, E. A., Hetzel, F. J., Kleinberg, B., Davies, T. & Johnson, S. D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime. Crime Science, 11(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00163-8
  • Wronka, C. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions: navigating the global emerging patterns of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(2), 476-490. 10.1108/JFC-03-2021-0073
  • Wronka, C. (2023). Financial crime in the decentralized finance ecosystem: new challenges for compliance. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(1), 97-113. 10.1108/JFC-09-2021-0218
  • Yeoh, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence: accelerator or Panacea for financial crime? Journal of Financial Crime, 26(2), 634-646. 10.1108/JFC-08-2018-0077
  • Yerdelen Kaygın, C. (2024). WorldCom skandalı. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar, İçinde: 239-255. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1995
  • Yüce, M. & Akkaya, H. (2020). Mali suçlarla kurumsal mücadele ve bazı ülke örnekleri. Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 40-61.

NMV Temelli APLOCO Yöntemiyle Finansal Suçların Öneminin Belirlenmesi ve Birleşmiş Milletler Üyesi Ülkelerin Suç Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 707 - 722, 20.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1625934

Öz

Finansal suçlar, çok farklı biçimde ve türde kendini gösterebilen hatta dijital çağda tek tuşla dünyanın her yerine yayılabilen uluslararası niteliğe sahiptir. Bu suçları kontrol altına alabilmek, ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları için son derece önemlidir. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı; küresel organize suç endeksi içerisindeki suçların özellikle de finansal suçların önem düzeyini tespit etmektir. Bu tespiti gerçekleştirebilmek için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden NMV yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ardından belirlenen ağırlıklara ülkelerin suç düzeyini kıyaslamak için APLOCO yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen NMV bulguları doğrultusunda; mağdur ve tanık desteği, önleme, ödenebilir mallarda kaçakçılık ve eroin ticareti suçlarının önem düzeylerinin en yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana amaçlarından olan finansal suçlar ise diğer suçlara göre orta düzeyde önemlidir. NMV ile belirlenen ağırlıklar doğrultusunda kullanılan APLOCO yöntemi sonucunda; Kolombiya, Meksika, Myanmar ve Liechtenstein ülkelerinin suç düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu; fakat Sao Tome ve Principe, Kiribati, Comoros, Eswatini ve Nauru gibi ülkelerde ise suç düzeyinin düşük olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Abdullah, A., Gottschalk, P., Gupta, C. M., Kamaei, M., Stadler, W. & Urzica, A.-L. (2024). Perceptions of offender motives, opportunities and willingness for financial crime: an empirical analysis of survey responses in six nations. Journal of Financial Crime, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2024-0097
  • Abdullah, W. N. & Said, R. (2019). Audit and risk committee in financial crime prevention. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 223-234. 10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0116
  • Akkaya, H. & Yüce, M. (2023). Mali suçlarla mücadelede mali istihbaratın rolünün değerlendirilmesi. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 263-285. doi.org/10.54838/ bilgisosyal.998203
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394
  • Bulut, T. (2017). Çok kriterli karar verme (çkkv) modellerinde kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasına yönelik bir model önerisi: Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] Metodu (Normalized Maximum Values [NMV] Method). Erişim Adresi: https://tevfikbulutcom.wordpress.com/2017/06/21/coklu-karar-verme-modellerinde-kriterlerin-agirliklandirilmasina-yonelik-model-onerisi/
  • Bulut, T. (2018). A new multi criteria decision making method: Approach of Logarithmic Concept (APLOCO). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), 9(1), 15-33. 10.5121/ijaia.2018.9102
  • Bulut, T. (2022). Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] metodunun teorik çerçevesi. Erişim Adresi: https://tevfikbulut.net/normalize-edilmis-maksimum-degerler-nmd-metodu/
  • Bulut, T. (2024). Comparison of countries in European Region according to risk factors of noncommunicable diseases by APLOCO method. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1537592
  • Eiya, O. & Otalor, J. I. (2013). Forensic accounting as a tool for fighting financial crime in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(6), 18-25.
  • Global Initiative, (2020). Erişim Adresi: https://globalinitiative.net/initiatives/enact/
  • Global Organized Crime Index, (2023). Erişim Adresi: https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/ocindex-2023/
  • Gottschalk, P. (2010). Theories of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(2), 210-222. 10.1108/13590791011033908
  • Halteh, K. & Tiwari, M. (2023). Preempting fraud: a financial distress prediction perspective on combating financial crime. Journal of Money Laundering, 26(6), 1194-1202. 10.1108/JMLC-01-2023-0013
  • Hansen, L. L. (2009). Corporate financial crime: social diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(1), 28-40. 10.1108/13590790910924948
  • IMF, (2001). Financial System Abuse, Financial Crime and Money Laundering Background Paper. Prepared by the Monetary and Exchange Affairs and Policy Development and Review Departments in Consultation with Legal and Other Departments. https://www.imf.org/external/np/ml/2001/eng/021201.htm
  • Jofre, M., Bosisio, A. & Riccardi, M. (2024). Financial crime risk assessment: machine learning insights into ownership structures in secrecy firms. Global Crime, 25(3-4), 242-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2402848
  • Kahramani Koç, A. (2024). Enron vakası. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) “Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar” İçinde: 221-238. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1994
  • Kurum, E. (2023). RegTech solutions and AML compliance: what future for financial crime? Journal of Financial Crime, 30(3), 776-794. 10.1108/JFC-04-2020-0051
  • Maulidiyah, D. N. (2024). Consensus on the role of culture in restraining financial crime: a systematic literature review. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(4), 883-897. 10.1108/JFC-05-2023-0103
  • Nicholls, J., Kuppa, A. & Le-Khac, N.-A. (2021). Financial cybersrime: a comprehensive survey of deep learning approaches to tackle the evolving financial crime landscape. IEEE Access, 9, 163965-163986. 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3134076
  • Özmerdivanlı, A. (2024). Bernie Madoff Ponzi şeması. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) “Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar” İçinde: 19-44. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1985
  • Reurink, A. (2016). White-Collar crime. European Journal of Sociology, 57(3), 385-415. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975616000163
  • Şentürk, F. & Kasap, M. (2013). Beyaz yaka suçları ve finansal yolsuzluklar. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 143-167.
  • Teichmann, F. M. J. & Falker, M.-C. (2021). Cryptocurrencies and financial crime: solutions from Liechtenstein. Journal of Money Laundering, 24(4), 775-788. 10.1108/JMLC-05-2020-0060
  • Tomasic, R. (2011). The Financial crisis and the haphazard pursuit of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 18(1), 7-31. 10.1108/13590791111098771
  • Trozze, A., Kamps, J., Akartuna, E. A., Hetzel, F. J., Kleinberg, B., Davies, T. & Johnson, S. D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime. Crime Science, 11(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00163-8
  • Wronka, C. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions: navigating the global emerging patterns of financial crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(2), 476-490. 10.1108/JFC-03-2021-0073
  • Wronka, C. (2023). Financial crime in the decentralized finance ecosystem: new challenges for compliance. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(1), 97-113. 10.1108/JFC-09-2021-0218
  • Yeoh, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence: accelerator or Panacea for financial crime? Journal of Financial Crime, 26(2), 634-646. 10.1108/JFC-08-2018-0077
  • Yerdelen Kaygın, C. (2024). WorldCom skandalı. (Ed.: Bağcı, H.) Vaka İncelemeleriyle Finansal Manipülasyonlar, İçinde: 239-255. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub483.c1995
  • Yüce, M. & Akkaya, H. (2020). Mali suçlarla kurumsal mücadele ve bazı ülke örnekleri. Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 40-61.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finans, Finans ve Yatırım (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Haşim Bağcı 0000-0002-5828-2050

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Mart 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bağcı, H. (2025). DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FINANCIAL CRIMES EMPLOYING NMV-BASED APLOCO METHOD AND COMPARING CRIME LEVELS OF UNITED NATIONS MEMBER COUNTRIES. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 9(2), 707-722. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1625934

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