Büyümeme İçin Adımlar: Çin Deneyimi

Öz

Kapitalist üretim biçimi kitlesel üretim, tüketim ve sermaye birikimi üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu süreçte ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla’daki büyüme oranları ile ölçülmektedir. Ancak özellikle son zamanlarda ülkelerin büyüme performanslarının gelişmişlik düzeyini belirlemede yeterli olup olmayacağı tartışma konusu olmakta, tüm dünyanın en temel problemlerinden biri olan çevre kirliliğinin toplumsal refahın bir göstergesi olarak kullanılmasının gerekliliği üzerine savlar ileri sürülmektedir. Karbon salınımındaki artışın insan hayatını tehdit eder hale gelmesi de bu savların geçerliliğini gözler önüne sermektedir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan pek çok ülke de bu süreçte karbon salınımlarını azaltmak adına adımlar atmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak büyüme amacını eleştiren ve ona alternatif öneren büyümeme kavramı incelenmektedir. İkinci olarak, en büyük kirleticilerden biri olan Çin'in bu süreçte attığı adımlar incelenmekte, ülkenin yoğun nüfusu ve büyüme hırsının çevreye verdiği zarar karşısında büyümemeye yaklaşımı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde ise çevre kirliliğinin başat aktörlerinden biri olan Çin’de uygulanması gereken politikalar tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kapitalizm
• Büyüme
• Post Kapitalizm
• Büyümeme
• Çin Ekonomisi

Steps for Degrowth: The Experience of China

Öz

The capitalist mode of production is based on mass production, consumption, and capital accumulation. In this process, the level of development of countries is measured by the growth rates of their gross domestic product. Recently, however, it has been debated whether the growth performance of countries is sufficient to determine the level of development, and arguments have been put forward about the need to use environmental pollution, one of the world's most fundamental problems, as an indicator of social welfare. The fact that the increase in carbon emissions has become a threat to human life also reveals the validity of these arguments. Many developed and deveping countries are also taking steps to reduce carbon emissions. This study analyses, first, the degrowth process, which criticises the growth purpose and proposes an alternative to it. Secondly, the steps taken by China, one of the largest polluters, in this process are analysed, and the country's approach to degrowth in the face of environmental damage caused by its dense population and growth ambition is emphasised. In the conclusion, the policies that should be implemented in China, one of the leading actors in environmental pollution, will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Capitalism
• Growth
• Post-Capitalism
• Degrowth
• Chinese Economy

Kaynakça

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