Gıda Güvenliği Performansı Etkinliği: BRICS Üyesi Ülkeler Üzerinde İstenilmeyen Çıktı Faktörlü Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanılarak Bir İnceleme

Öz

BRICS üyesi ülkelerin gelişen iş birliğini güçlendirme çabaları küresel gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır. Gıdanın güvenlikleştirilmesi, gıda tedariklerinin daha geniş güvenlik sorunlarıyla veya daha geniş insan güvenliği kavramlarıyla ilişkili olduğu süreci ifade etmektedir. Çalışmanın temel motivasyonu, geleneksel güvenlik çalışmalarının aksine devlet dışı nesneleri de uluslararası güvenlik tartışmalarına dahil eden Kopenhag Okulu’nun güvenlikleştirme teorisi üzerinden gıda güvenliğini nicel bir boyutta değerlendirmektir. Açlığın küresel, bölgesel ve ulusal düzeylerde kapsamlı bir şekilde ölçülmesi ve izlenmesi için tasarlanmış çok boyutlu bir indeks olan Küresel Açlık Endeksi, dünya genelinde açlığı sonlandırmayı, gıda güvenliğini ve daha iyi beslenmeyi sağlamayı hedefleyen Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amacı-2 için etkin bir değerlendirme aracıdır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, BRICS üyesi 10 adet ülkenin gıda güvenliği etkinliklerini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz sırasında Çıktı Yönelimli VZA-BCC kullanılmıştır. BRICS üyesi on adet ülkeye ait olan araştırmanın veri seti Küresel açlık endeksinde yer alan dört adet girdi değişkeni ile bir adet çıktı değişkeninden oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, üç BRICS üyesi ülkenin etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Etkin olmayan yedi BRICS üyesi ülkenin etkin hale gelebilmeleri için Referans Kümeleri tanımlanmış ve İyileştirme Önerileri verilmiştir. Bu Referans Kümelerinde BAE on kez yer alırken Çin ve Rusya hiçbir Referans Kümesinde yer almamıştır. Bu araştırmanın, BM SKA-2 Sıfır Açlık bağlamında devletlerin ve uluslararası toplulukların gıda güvenliği politikalarına nicel bir bakış açısı kazandıracağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Veri Zarflama Analizi
• Gıda Güvenliği
• BRICS.

The Efficiency of Food Security Performance: An Invastigation on BRICS Member Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Output Factors

Öz

: The efforts of BRICS member states to strengthen the developing cooperation are vital to ensure global food safety. Securitization of food refers to the process by which food supplies are associated with wider security problems or wider human safety concepts. The main motivation of the study is to evaluate food safety in a quantitative dimension through the Copenhagen School's theory of securitization, which incorporates non-state objects in international security debates, contrary to traditional security studies. The Global Hunger Index, a multidimensional index designed to comprehensively measure and monitor hunger at global, regional and national levels, is an effective assessment tool for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal-2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security and better nutrition worldwide. In this context, the research aims to measure the food security efficiency of 10 BRICS member countries. During the analysis, the Output-Oriented DEA-BCC Model was employed. The data set of the research belongs to ten BRICS member countries and consists of four input variables and one output variable in the Global Hunger Index. According to the findings, three BRICS member countries are efficient. The Reference Sets are defined, and the improvement options are given so that the seven inefficient BRICS member countries can become efficient. While the UAE appeared ten times in these Reference Sets, China and Russia did not appear in any Reference Sets. It is thought that this research will contribute a quantitively viewpoint to food security politics of countries and international communities in terms of UN SDG-2 Zero Hunger.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Data Envelopment Analysis
• Food Security
• BRICS.

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