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Varoluşsal Tehdit Algısının Dinamik Güvenlikleştirmeye Dönüşümü: Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşında Aktör Stratejilerinin Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 1687 - 1705, 23.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1731204

Öz

Ukrayna ve Rusya arasında devam eden savaş bölgesel ve küresel çerçevede gündem olmuş önemli bir uluslararası olaydır. Aktörler tarafından bu savaş varoluşsal bir tehdit unsuru olarak görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra Avrupa Birliği ve NATO gibi uluslararası örgütlerde bu savaşı kendileri açısından varoluşsal tehdit olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Aktörler tarafından izlenen politikalarda ABD Başkanlık seçimi sonrasında yeni Başkan Donald Trump’ın izlediği stratejilerin doğrudan etkisi olmuştur. Ukrayna ve Rusya arasında devam eden savaş taraflar arasındaki varoluşsal tehdit algısı nedeniyle süreç içinde değişen güvenlik politikalarını zorunlu kılmıştır. Dolayısıyla tehdit riskinin büyüklüğü aktörlerin dinamik bir güvenlikleştirme politikasını izlemesine yol açmıştır. Çalışma aktörlerin Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı bağlamında algıladıkları varoluşsal tehdit karşısında dinamik güvenlikleştirme dönüşümlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Ukrayna, Rusya, Avrupa Birliği ve NATO’nun savaş sürecinde tehdit algılamalarıyla uygulanan caydırıcılık stratejileri çerçevesinde dinamik güvenlikleştirmeye dönüşüm motivasyonlarına odaklanılmıştır. Araştırma, Ukrayna’nın Avrupa Birliği ve NATO vasıtasıyla Batı değerlerini benimsediğini ve stratejilerini bu çerçevede oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Rusya tarafından ise kendi etki sahasındaki bir aktörün kontrol dışına çıkmasıyla beraber Batılı aktörler tarafından gelen büyük bir varoluşsal tehdit algısı vardır. Avrupa Birliği bağlamında Ukrayna’nın savaşı kaybetmesi doğrudan doğruya kendi güvenliğini tehdit edecektir. NATO açısından ise Rusya’nın kazanması sonrasında üye devletleri büyük bir varoluşsal tehdide maruz kalacaktır. Aktörlerin dinamik güvenlikleştirmeyi etkili bir şekilde uyguladıkları görülmüştür. Çalışma varoluşsal tehdit algılamaları karşısında aktörlerin stratejik dönüşümler odağında dinamik güvenlikleştirmeye geçiş motivasyonlarını analiz ederek uluslararası ilişkiler alanına özgün katkılar sağlamayı hedeflemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Amadio V., Maria G., & Sus, M. (2025). Organizing European Security through Informal Groups: Insights from the European Union’s Response to the Russian War in Ukraine. International Politics, 1–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-024-00657-7
  • Arutyunova, N., & Bocchese, M. (2024). From across the Globe: Understanding the Motivations of pro-Ukraine Foreign Fighters. European Security, 1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2024.2434701
  • Baysal, B. (2022). Güvenlik Dışılaştırma. İçinde Başar Baysal (Ed.), Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güvenlik (ss. 117–127). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • BBC. (2024). Ukrayna'nın Kursk Saldırısı: Savaş Nasıl Rusya Topraklarına Sıçradı? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/ced1zepep5lo
  • Bhangal, S. S. (2023). The Wagner Rebellion and the Stability of the Russian State. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/wagner-rebellion-and-stability-russian-state
  • Charap, S., & Radchenko, S. (2025). Why Peace Talks Fail in Ukraine - Learning the Right Lessons From Three Years of Grinding War and Faltering Negotiations. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/why-peace-talks-fail-ukraine
  • Das, O. P. (2024). Reality and Representation in Russia-Ukraine War: Analysing Media Representations Through Jean Baudrillard’s Framework. Strategic Analysis, 48(5), 425–445.
  • Emir, M. (2025). Fransa ve Almanya’nın Bölgesel ve Küresel Stratejileri ve Karşılaştırmalı Analizi (2010-2024). Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 67, 195–215.
  • Ferraro, V. (2024). Why Russia Invaded Ukraine and How Wars Benefit Autocrats: The Domestic Sources of the Russo-Ukrainian War. International Political Science Review, 45(2), 170–191.
  • Foley, J., & Unkovski-Korica, V. (2024). Decentring the West? Civilizational Solidarity and (de) colonization in Theories of the Russia-Ukraine War. Globalizations, 1–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2024.2399475
  • Forrest, B., & Schectman, J. (2025). Son of CIA Official Was Killed in Ukraine, Fighting for Russia. https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/son-of-cia-official-was-killed-in-ukraine-fighting-for-russia-16d5c484
  • Fouda, M. (2025). ABD, Ukrayna ile Nadir Toprak Mineralleri Anlaşmasını İmzaladı. https://tr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/01/abd-ukrayna-ile-nadir-toprak-mineralleri-anlasmasini-imzaladi
  • Freedman, L. (2023). The Russo-Ukrainian War and the Durability of Deterrence. Survival, 65(6), 7–36.
  • Friedrichs, G. M., & Sommer, J. (2025). Ontological Security Crisis and Role Conception Change: The Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s Role Conceptions. European Journal of International Relations, 31(1), 126–151.
  • Götz, E., & Ekman, P. (2024). Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Context, Causes, and Consequences. Problems of Post-Communism, 71(3), 193–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2024.2343640
  • Ilyushina, M. (2023). Russia Prison Population Plummets as Convicts are Sent to War. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/26/russia-prison-population-convicts-war/
  • Josticova, H. (2025). “Freedom Fighters:” Motivations of Western Volunteers to Fight on the Side of Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War, 2014-2022. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2024.2444283
  • Kappeler, A. (2014). Ukraine and Russia: Legacies of the Imperial Past and Competing Memories. Journal of Eurasian studies, 5(2), 107–115.
  • Leitlande, G. (2024). Societal Resolve Amid War: Lessons from Ukraine´ s Response to the Russian Invasion. Obrana a strategie, 24(2), 99–111.
  • Lété, B. (2025). The New Global Chessboard: Europe, America, Russia and China in the Ukraine War. European View, 24(1), 17–24.
  • Locoman, E., & Lau, R. R. (2024). Narratives of Conflict: Russian Media’s Evolving Treatment of Ukraine (2013–2022). Media, War & Conflict, 1–23. doi:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17506352241257053
  • Lupovici, A. (2024). Securitization, Deterrence, and Extended Deterrence by Denial: The War in Ukraine. Foreign Policy Analysis, 20(4), 1–24. doi:10.1093/fpa/orae018
  • Mamedov, I. (2024). A Fragile Narrative: Transformations and Consistency in the Russian Representation of the War in Ukraine. Media, War & Conflict, 1–17. doi:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17506352241264436
  • Méheut, C. (2024). Ukraine Starts Freeing Some Prisoners to Join Its Military. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/24/world/europe/ukraine-russia-war-prisoners.html
  • Murphy, M. (2024). A Year after Mutiny, Kremlin Controls Wagner Remnants. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nn1p81q59o
  • NTV. (2025). Almanya, Litvanya’ya Asker Konuşlandırdı: “NATO Topraklarını Savunmaya Kararlıyız”. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/almanya-litvanyada-asker-konuslandirdi-nato-topraklarini-savunmaya-kararliyiz,DyuvGBHUD0WAMyQzI1SSpQ
  • Oreilly, T. (2025). 'Barış Mümkün Değil': Ukraynalılar Trump-Putin Görüşmeleri Konusunda Karamsar. https://tr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/20/baris-mumkun-degil-ukraynalilar-trump-putin-gorusmeleri-konusunda-karamsar
  • Pynnöniemi, K., & Parppei, K. (2024). Understanding Russia’s War against Ukraine: Political, Eschatological and Cataclysmic Dimensions. Journal of Strategic Studies, 47(6-7), 832–859. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2024.2379395
  • Roth, A., & Gambino, L. (2025). Ukraine ‘Gambling with World War Three’, Trump tells Zelenskyy in Fiery Meeting. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/28/trump-zelenskyy-meeting-ukraine-aid-war
  • Souleimanov, E. A., & Laryš, M. (2024). Driven by Revenge: Why Chechen Foreign Fighters Have Joined Ukraine Against Russia. Nationalities Papers, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2024.85
  • Stepanonko, V., Maloletka, E., & Gatopoulos, D. (2024). Ukraine is Releasing Thousands of Prisoners so They can Join the Fight against Russia. https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-prisons-parole-russia-military-08d1b13d527548ea4cc24de636766342
  • Swed, O., Stiefelmaier, A., & Hanchukova, O. (2024). Motivated to Fight: Diverse Motivations of Foreign Fighters in the Russia–Ukraine War. Armed Forces & Society, 1–21. doi:https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/journals-permissions
  • Tyushka, A. (2024). Post-War, Past Russia: Russian War of Aggression against Ukraine, Regional Unpeace and the Imperatives of Post-War European Security (re) Ordering. International Politics, 1–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-024-00643-z
  • Vakulina, S. (2025a). Ukrayna, Rusya'nın Kursk Bölgesinde Yeni Bir Saldırı Başlattı. https://tr.euronews.com/2025/02/07/ukrayna-rusyanin-kursk-bolgesinde-yeni-bir-saldiri-baslatti
  • Vakulina, S. (2025b). Üç Yıl Sonra İlk: Rusya ve Ukrayna Heyetleri İstanbul'da Yüz Yüze Görüştü. https://tr.euronews.com/2025/05/16/istanbuldaki-ukrayna-rusya-gorusmeleri-dusuk-beklentilerle-basladi
  • Vitkine, B. (2024). Russia's Use of Prisoners to Feed War Machine is Widespread. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/04/23/russia-s-use-of-prisoners-to-feed-war-machine-is-widespread_6669261_4.html
  • Yetim, H. T. (2025). The Ukraine Invasion: Hierarchy, Discipline and Counterbalance. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 27(1), 292–309.
  • Zakharchenko, A. (2025). Advantages of the Connective Strategic Narrative during the Russian–Ukrainian War. Frontiers in Political Science, 7, 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1434240
  • Zollmann, F. (2024). A War Foretold: How Western Mainstream News Media Omitted NATO Eastward Expansion as a Contributing Factor to Russia’s 2022 Invasion of the Ukraine. Media, War & Conflict, 17(3), 373–392.

Transformation of Existential Threat Perception into Dynamic Securitization: Analysis of Actor Strategies in the Ukraine-Russia War

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 1687 - 1705, 23.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1731204

Öz

The ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia is an important international event that has become a regional and global issue. The actors have viewed this war as an existential threat. In addition, international organizations such as the European Union and NATO have also evaluated this war as an existential threat to themselves. The strategies pursued by the new President Donald Trump after the US presidential election have had a direct impact on the policies pursued by the actors. The ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia has necessitated changing security policies over time due to the existential threat perception between the parties. Therefore, the magnitude of the threat risk has led the actors to pursue a dynamic securitization policy. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the dynamic securitization transformations of the actors in the face of the existential threat they perceive in the context of the Ukraine-Russia War. In this context, the focus is on the motivations for the transformation to dynamic securitization within the framework of the deterrence strategies implemented by Ukraine, Russia, the European Union and NATO in response to threat perceptions during the war. The study aims to make original contributions to the field of international relations by analyzing the motivations of the actors to switch to dynamic securitization with a focus on strategic transformations in the face of existential threat perceptions.

Kaynakça

  • Amadio V., Maria G., & Sus, M. (2025). Organizing European Security through Informal Groups: Insights from the European Union’s Response to the Russian War in Ukraine. International Politics, 1–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-024-00657-7
  • Arutyunova, N., & Bocchese, M. (2024). From across the Globe: Understanding the Motivations of pro-Ukraine Foreign Fighters. European Security, 1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2024.2434701
  • Baysal, B. (2022). Güvenlik Dışılaştırma. İçinde Başar Baysal (Ed.), Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güvenlik (ss. 117–127). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • BBC. (2024). Ukrayna'nın Kursk Saldırısı: Savaş Nasıl Rusya Topraklarına Sıçradı? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/ced1zepep5lo
  • Bhangal, S. S. (2023). The Wagner Rebellion and the Stability of the Russian State. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/wagner-rebellion-and-stability-russian-state
  • Charap, S., & Radchenko, S. (2025). Why Peace Talks Fail in Ukraine - Learning the Right Lessons From Three Years of Grinding War and Faltering Negotiations. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/why-peace-talks-fail-ukraine
  • Das, O. P. (2024). Reality and Representation in Russia-Ukraine War: Analysing Media Representations Through Jean Baudrillard’s Framework. Strategic Analysis, 48(5), 425–445.
  • Emir, M. (2025). Fransa ve Almanya’nın Bölgesel ve Küresel Stratejileri ve Karşılaştırmalı Analizi (2010-2024). Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 67, 195–215.
  • Ferraro, V. (2024). Why Russia Invaded Ukraine and How Wars Benefit Autocrats: The Domestic Sources of the Russo-Ukrainian War. International Political Science Review, 45(2), 170–191.
  • Foley, J., & Unkovski-Korica, V. (2024). Decentring the West? Civilizational Solidarity and (de) colonization in Theories of the Russia-Ukraine War. Globalizations, 1–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2024.2399475
  • Forrest, B., & Schectman, J. (2025). Son of CIA Official Was Killed in Ukraine, Fighting for Russia. https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/son-of-cia-official-was-killed-in-ukraine-fighting-for-russia-16d5c484
  • Fouda, M. (2025). ABD, Ukrayna ile Nadir Toprak Mineralleri Anlaşmasını İmzaladı. https://tr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/01/abd-ukrayna-ile-nadir-toprak-mineralleri-anlasmasini-imzaladi
  • Freedman, L. (2023). The Russo-Ukrainian War and the Durability of Deterrence. Survival, 65(6), 7–36.
  • Friedrichs, G. M., & Sommer, J. (2025). Ontological Security Crisis and Role Conception Change: The Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s Role Conceptions. European Journal of International Relations, 31(1), 126–151.
  • Götz, E., & Ekman, P. (2024). Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Context, Causes, and Consequences. Problems of Post-Communism, 71(3), 193–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2024.2343640
  • Ilyushina, M. (2023). Russia Prison Population Plummets as Convicts are Sent to War. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/26/russia-prison-population-convicts-war/
  • Josticova, H. (2025). “Freedom Fighters:” Motivations of Western Volunteers to Fight on the Side of Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War, 2014-2022. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2024.2444283
  • Kappeler, A. (2014). Ukraine and Russia: Legacies of the Imperial Past and Competing Memories. Journal of Eurasian studies, 5(2), 107–115.
  • Leitlande, G. (2024). Societal Resolve Amid War: Lessons from Ukraine´ s Response to the Russian Invasion. Obrana a strategie, 24(2), 99–111.
  • Lété, B. (2025). The New Global Chessboard: Europe, America, Russia and China in the Ukraine War. European View, 24(1), 17–24.
  • Locoman, E., & Lau, R. R. (2024). Narratives of Conflict: Russian Media’s Evolving Treatment of Ukraine (2013–2022). Media, War & Conflict, 1–23. doi:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17506352241257053
  • Lupovici, A. (2024). Securitization, Deterrence, and Extended Deterrence by Denial: The War in Ukraine. Foreign Policy Analysis, 20(4), 1–24. doi:10.1093/fpa/orae018
  • Mamedov, I. (2024). A Fragile Narrative: Transformations and Consistency in the Russian Representation of the War in Ukraine. Media, War & Conflict, 1–17. doi:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17506352241264436
  • Méheut, C. (2024). Ukraine Starts Freeing Some Prisoners to Join Its Military. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/24/world/europe/ukraine-russia-war-prisoners.html
  • Murphy, M. (2024). A Year after Mutiny, Kremlin Controls Wagner Remnants. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nn1p81q59o
  • NTV. (2025). Almanya, Litvanya’ya Asker Konuşlandırdı: “NATO Topraklarını Savunmaya Kararlıyız”. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/almanya-litvanyada-asker-konuslandirdi-nato-topraklarini-savunmaya-kararliyiz,DyuvGBHUD0WAMyQzI1SSpQ
  • Oreilly, T. (2025). 'Barış Mümkün Değil': Ukraynalılar Trump-Putin Görüşmeleri Konusunda Karamsar. https://tr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/20/baris-mumkun-degil-ukraynalilar-trump-putin-gorusmeleri-konusunda-karamsar
  • Pynnöniemi, K., & Parppei, K. (2024). Understanding Russia’s War against Ukraine: Political, Eschatological and Cataclysmic Dimensions. Journal of Strategic Studies, 47(6-7), 832–859. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2024.2379395
  • Roth, A., & Gambino, L. (2025). Ukraine ‘Gambling with World War Three’, Trump tells Zelenskyy in Fiery Meeting. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/28/trump-zelenskyy-meeting-ukraine-aid-war
  • Souleimanov, E. A., & Laryš, M. (2024). Driven by Revenge: Why Chechen Foreign Fighters Have Joined Ukraine Against Russia. Nationalities Papers, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2024.85
  • Stepanonko, V., Maloletka, E., & Gatopoulos, D. (2024). Ukraine is Releasing Thousands of Prisoners so They can Join the Fight against Russia. https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-prisons-parole-russia-military-08d1b13d527548ea4cc24de636766342
  • Swed, O., Stiefelmaier, A., & Hanchukova, O. (2024). Motivated to Fight: Diverse Motivations of Foreign Fighters in the Russia–Ukraine War. Armed Forces & Society, 1–21. doi:https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/journals-permissions
  • Tyushka, A. (2024). Post-War, Past Russia: Russian War of Aggression against Ukraine, Regional Unpeace and the Imperatives of Post-War European Security (re) Ordering. International Politics, 1–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-024-00643-z
  • Vakulina, S. (2025a). Ukrayna, Rusya'nın Kursk Bölgesinde Yeni Bir Saldırı Başlattı. https://tr.euronews.com/2025/02/07/ukrayna-rusyanin-kursk-bolgesinde-yeni-bir-saldiri-baslatti
  • Vakulina, S. (2025b). Üç Yıl Sonra İlk: Rusya ve Ukrayna Heyetleri İstanbul'da Yüz Yüze Görüştü. https://tr.euronews.com/2025/05/16/istanbuldaki-ukrayna-rusya-gorusmeleri-dusuk-beklentilerle-basladi
  • Vitkine, B. (2024). Russia's Use of Prisoners to Feed War Machine is Widespread. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/04/23/russia-s-use-of-prisoners-to-feed-war-machine-is-widespread_6669261_4.html
  • Yetim, H. T. (2025). The Ukraine Invasion: Hierarchy, Discipline and Counterbalance. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 27(1), 292–309.
  • Zakharchenko, A. (2025). Advantages of the Connective Strategic Narrative during the Russian–Ukrainian War. Frontiers in Political Science, 7, 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1434240
  • Zollmann, F. (2024). A War Foretold: How Western Mainstream News Media Omitted NATO Eastward Expansion as a Contributing Factor to Russia’s 2022 Invasion of the Ukraine. Media, War & Conflict, 17(3), 373–392.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Emir 0000-0003-3143-1439

Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Emir, M. (2025). Varoluşsal Tehdit Algısının Dinamik Güvenlikleştirmeye Dönüşümü: Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşında Aktör Stratejilerinin Analizi. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 9(4), 1687-1705. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1731204

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