Transnasyonel Oy Davranışı: Hollanda ve Birleşik Krallık’taki Türk Topluluklarının Karşılaştırmalı İncelemesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, yurtdışında yaşayan Türk göçmenlerin transnasyonel oy verme davranışlarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemekte, Hollanda ve Birleşik Krallık vaka analizlerine odaklanmaktadır. 57 derinlemesine görüşme yoluyla toplanan nitel verilere dayanan araştırma, Türk göçmenlerin dışarıdan oy kullanma pratiklerini rasyonel tercih, parti kimliği ve sosyolojik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Bulgular, Hollanda’daki göçmenlerin oy verme pratiklerinin başlıca iki faktör tarafından şekillendiğini göstermektedir: (1) dinsel aidiyetler etrafında gelişen bir sosyalleşme süreci ve (2) Türkiye’nin uluslararası konumunu, dolayısıyla Hollanda’daki kendi statülerini güçlendirdiğine inanılan bir lidere verilen destek. Buna karşılık, Birleşik Krallık’taki göçmenler daha çok politik kimlik odaklıdır. Oy tercihleri, Kürt-Alevi kimliğine dayanmaktadır ve esasen mevcut hükümete karşı geliştirilen savunmacı bir tepkiyle şekillenmektedir. Bu dinamikler, Hollanda’da milliyetçi/muhafazakâr; Birleşik Krallık’ta ise solcu/demokratik yönelimlerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Genel olarak bulgular, seçmenlerin bireysel çıkarlarını önceliklendirmediklerini, aksine kolektif kimlik ve aidiyet duygusunun oy tercihlerini belirlemede belirleyici rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transnasyonel Seçmen Davranışı
• Diaspora Oyu
• Türk Göçmenler
• Oy Verme Modelleri
• Hollanda
• Birleşik Krallık

Transnational Voting behaviour: A Comparative Analysis of Turkish Communities in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Öz

This study comparatively examines the transnational voting behaviour of Turkish immigrants living abroad, focusing on case studies from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Based on qualitative data collected through 57 in-depth interviews, this analysis examines the Turkish immigrants’ external voting practices through the lenses of rational choice, party identification, and sociological approaches. The findings show that the voting practices of immigrants in the Netherlands are shaped primarily by two factors: (1) a socialization process centred around religious affiliations, and (2) support for a leader whose leadership is perceived as pivotal to enhancing Turkey’s international standing and, by extension, their own status in the Netherlands. In contrast, immigrants in the United Kingdom are more politically identity-oriented. Their voting choices are rooted in Kurdish-Alevi identity and are predominantly shaped by a defensive response to the current government. These dynamics give rise to distinct ideological tendencies: nationalist/conservative orientations in the Netherlands and leftist/democratic orientations in the United Kingdom. Overall, the findings reveal that voters often do not prioritize their individual interests; rather, collective identity and a sense of belonging play a decisive role in shaping their electoral preferences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transnational Electoral Behaviour
• Diaspora Voting
• Turkish Immigrants
• Models of Voting
• Netherlands
• United Kingdom

Kaynakça

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