Bağımlılık Teorisi ve Modern Dünya-Sistem Analizi Bugün Hala Geçerli mi?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 332 - 344, 23.06.2024

İbrahim Kuran

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1431514

Öz

Bu makale, küresel kapitalizmin çağdaş dinamiklerini anlamak için bağımlılık teorisi ve modern dünya-sistemleri analizinin uygunluğunu analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, bağımlılık ve dünya-sistemleri yaklaşımlarının epistemolojik geçerliliklerini tartışmak yerine, bu yaklaşımları günümüzdeki siyasi ve ekonomik gelişmeleri anlamak için analitik araçlar olarak kullanmayı önermektedir. Bağımlılık ve dünya-sistemleri yaklaşımlarının uygulanabilirliğini ilkel birikim, eşitsiz mübadele ve finansal tabiiyet vakaları üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma ilk olarak, çok uluslu şirketler tarafından kontrol edilen maden çıkarma endüstrileri ve doğal kaynakların metalaştırılması ve özelleştirilmesi yoluyla çevre ülkelerdeki ilkel birikimi incelemektedir. İkinci olarak, artı değerin eşitsiz mübadeleler yoluyla çevreden merkeze sürekli aktarımını analiz etmektedir. Bu mübadeleler, merkez ve çevre ülkeler arasındaki ücret ve kaynak fiyatı farklılıklarından kaynaklanmakta, hiyerarşik ticaret ilişkilerini sürdürmekte ve eşitsiz kalkınmaya yol açmaktadır. Çalışmada üçüncü olarak, yapısal olarak kırılgan çevre ülkeleri için sürekli borç tuzaklarına yol açan borç-kredi ilişkilerini içeren ve "finansal tabiiyet" olarak adlandırılan finansallaşma süreci tartışılmaktadır. Küresel para hiyerarşisinin ve sermaye akışlarındaki oynaklığın, gelişmekte olan ve yükselen ekonomilerin kırılganlığını ve çevreselleşmesini daha da kötüleştirdiği gösterilmektedir. Bu üç vakanın analizi, hem bağımlılık teorisi ve dünya sistemleri yaklaşımlarının küresel kapitalizmdeki çağdaş dinamikleri yorumlamak için değerli içgörüler sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımlılık Teorisi, Dünya-Sistemleri Analizi, Eşitsiz Mübadeleler, İlkel Birikim, Finansal Tabiiyet

Are Dependency Theory and Modern World-System Analysis Relevant Today?

Öz

This article aims to analyze the relevance of dependency theory and modern world-systems analysis in understanding the contemporary dynamics of global capitalism. Instead of discussing their epistemological validity, this study suggests tackling the dependency and world-systems approaches as analytical tools to explore recent political and economic developments. It assesses the applicability of these approaches through cases studies of primitive accumulation, unequal exchanges and financial subordination. The study initially examines the primitive accumulation in peripheral countries through extractive industries controlled by multinational corporations and the commodification and privatization of natural resources. Secondly, it analyzes the continuous transfer of surplus value from the periphery to the core through unequal exchanges. These exchanges stem from wage and resource price disparities between core and peripheral countries, perpetuating hierarchical trade relations and fostering uneven development. Thirdly, the study discusses the process of financialization, which entails debt-credit relations leading to perpetual debt traps for structurally fragile peripheral countries – termed “financial subordination.” It is shown that the global currency hierarchy and the volatility of capital flows exacerbate the vulnerability and peripheralization of developing and emerging economies. The analysis of these three cases confirms that the dependency and world-systems approaches offer valuable insights for interpreting contemporary dynamics in global capitalism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dependency Theory, World-Systems Analysis, Primitive Accumulation, Unequal Exchanges, Financial Subordination

Kaynakça

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