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Stres ve Kişilik Kaygısının İş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Turizm Çalışanlarında İçsel ve Dışsal Motivasyonun Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 334 - 346, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1605517

Öz

Turizm sektörü, geniş istihdam olanakları ile ülke ekonomisine önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu önemli katkının yanı sıra, sektörün yapısı gereği, çalışanlar üzerinde belirgin fiziksel ve psikolojik baskılar etkileri olabilmektedir. Emek yoğun bir hizmet sektörü olan turizm sektörü, çalışanlar için yüksek iş talepleri ve stresli bir çalışma ortamı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ortamı, çalışanların motivasyonunu ve iş performansını doğrudan etkileyen faktörleri dikkate değer kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, algılanan stres ve kişilik kaygısı, içsel ve dışsal motivasyon ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada, stres ve kaygının iş performansı üzerindeki etkilerinde motivasyonun aracılık rolünü belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (SEM) metodolojisi kullanılarak 370 otel çalışanı üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın en ilginç sonucu ise kaygının turizm çalışanlarının iş performansı üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olmamasıdır. Çalışmada, algılanan stres ve kaygının dışsal motivasyonu ve iş performansını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular, algılanan stresin motivasyonu olumsuz etkilediğini ve dolayısıyla iş performansını düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Ayrıca, algılanan stres ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide içsel veya dışsal motivasyon için aracılık rolü bulunmamaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, turizm sektöründe insan kaynakları yönetimi stratejileri geliştirmek için çeşitli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M. (2021). Academic stress: How extrinsic motivation and self-efficacy affect. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 6(2), 164-180.
  • Akgunduz, Y., & Eser, S. (2022). The effects of tourist incivility, job stress and job satisfaction on tourist guides' vocational commitment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(1), 186-204.
  • Altintas, E., Karaca, Y., Berjot, S., El Haj, M., & Boudoukha, A. H. (2023). Work stress and motivation in psychologists in the hospital setting: the role of primary cognitive appraisal. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(4), 1039-1048.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun R., Bayraktaroğlu S. & Yıldırım E. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (3. bs). İstanbul: Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Anderson, V. L., Levinson, E. M., Barker, W., & Kiewra, K. R. (1999). The effects of meditation on teacher perceived occupational stress, state and trait anxiety, and burnout. School Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 3.
  • Bieling, P. J., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). The State--Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(7-8), 777-788.
  • Cengiz, Ekrem. & Kırkbir Fazıl, (2007), Yerel Halk Tarafından Algılanan Toplam Turizm Etkisi İle Turizm Desteği Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Yapısal Bir Model Önerisi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 19-37.
  • Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Kim, S., Wong, A. K. F., & Han, H. (2022). Examining airline employees’ work-related stress and coping strategies during the global tourism crisis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(10), 3715-3742.
  • Cohen, J. (1983). The cost of dichotomization. Applied psychological measurement, 7(3), 249-253.
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İşgören Performansi Üzerine Etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35-46.
  • Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102462.
  • Deci, E. L. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions.
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1985). Toward an organismic integration theory: motivation and development. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, 113-148.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • Delaney, M. L., & Royal, M. A. (2017). Breaking engagement apart: The role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in engagement strategies. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(1), 127-140.
  • Dündar, S., Özutku, H., & Taşpınar, F. (2007). İçsel ve dışsal motivasyon araçlarının işgörenlerin motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme. Gazi Üniversitesi Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (2), 105-119.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013, October). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal 51(3), 132-140.
  • Eubank, M., & Gilbourne, D. (2003). Stress, performance, and motivation theory. In Science and soccer (pp. 222-237). Routledge.
  • Eygü, H. (2018). Trafik Kazalarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(66), 837-850.
  • Fan, Y., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review. Ecological Processes, 5, 1-12.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
  • Hudson, T. M. (2013). Impact of stress-coping strategies on perceived stress, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy levels of students. Gardner-Webb University.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (yem) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 5(2), 26-42.
  • Kalyar, M., Shafique, I., & Ahmad, B. (2019). Job stress and performance nexus in tourism industry: A moderation analysis. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(1), 6-21.
  • Kandemir, H. (2015). Öğrenci Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Araştırılması-Investigation of Factors Which Affecting Student Satisfaction by Structural Equation Model. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(13), 447-461.
  • Kandemir, H., Tekeli, İ., & Özdaşlı, K. (2016). Örgüt Kültürünün Düşük ve Yüksek Bağlamlı İletişim Tarzları Üzerine Etkisi: Kafe Çalışanları Üzerine Çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Teknik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (11), 202-222.
  • Karsavuran, Z. (2021). Surviving a major crisis: The case of dismissed tourism and hospitality employees. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 13(2), 243-265.
  • Kipkosgei, F. (2022). Perceived Entrepreneurial Stress and Entrepreneurial Resilience; The Mediating Role of the Well-Being of Entrepreneurs and Moderating Role Perceived Online Social Support. Merits, 2, 1–17. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/merits2010001
  • Kurtuluş, K. (1996). Pazarlama Araştırmaları, Avcıol Basım,
  • Lee, Y., Kim, H. L., & Hyun, S. S. (2022). Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on service performance after parental leave. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2715.
  • Legault, L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 2416-2419.
  • Li, K. X., Jin, M., & Shi, W. (2018). Tourism as an important impetus to promoting economic growth: A critical review. Tourism management perspectives, 26, 135-142.
  • Maharani, S. P., Syah, T. Y. R., & Negoro, D. A. (2020). Internal service quality as a driver of employee satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intention exploring over focal role of employee well-being. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(3), 170-175.
  • Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S., & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational stress: its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of applied psychology, 71(4), 618.
  • Nguyen, V. T. T., & Chen, H. L. (2023). Examining impacts of information system success and perceived stress on students’ self-regulated learning mediated by intrinsic motivation in online learning environments: second-order structural equation modelling analyses. Education and information technologies, 28(10), 12945-12968.
  • Pelletier, L. G., & Vallerand, R. J. (1996). Supervisors' beliefs and subordinates' intrinsic motivation: A behavioral confirmation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 331.
  • Peterson, R. A. (2000). A meta-analysis of variance accounted for and factor loadings in exploratory factor analysis. Marketing letters, 11, 261-275.
  • Piaget, J. (1971). Biology and knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
  • Sharma, S., Abraham, A., & Masih, P. (2014). Leisure motivation amongst tourists. Indian Journal of positive psychology, 5(4).
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of psychology, 5(3 & 4).
  • UNWTO, 2024, International Tourism to Reach Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024 Available online: https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-to-reach-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024
  • Vallerand, R. J., & Fortier, M. S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. In J. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 81–101). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Vallerand, R. J. and Thill, E. E. (1993). “Introduction au concept de motivation. [An introduction to the concept of motivation]”. In Introduction à la psychologie de la motivation, Edited by: Vallerand, R. J. and Thill, E. E. 3 – 39. Laval (Québec): Éditions Études Vivantes.
  • Vatankhah, S., Bouzari, M., & Safavi, H. P. (2021). Unraveling the fuzzy predictors of stress at work. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 277-300.
  • Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., & Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of happiness studies, 9, 41-79.
  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, 2. Baskı, Ankara.

Effects of Stress and Trait Anxiety on Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Tourism Employee

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 334 - 346, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1605517

Öz

Tourism significantly contributes to the country's economy with its vast employment opportunities. In addition to this significant contribution, the sector's structure can place considerable physical and psychological pressure on employees. Tourism, a labor-intensive service sector, presents high job demands and a stressful working environment for employees. This work environment makes the factors directly affecting employees' motivation and job performance remarkable. Therefore, this study examines the relationships between perceived stress and trait anxiety, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and job performance among employees in tourism. It is aimed to establish the mediating role of motivation in the effects of stress and anxiety on job performance. The study was conducted on 370 hotel employees using the structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology. The most interesting result of the study is that anxiety does not have a negative effect on the job performance of tourism employees. The study concluded that perceived stress and anxiety affect extrinsic motivation and job performance. Moreover, there is no mediating role for intrinsic or extrinsic motivation in the relationship between perceived stress and job performance. The findings show that perceived stress negatively affects motivation, thus reducing job performance. These results suggest various implications for developing human resources management strategies in tourism.

Etik Beyan

Etik kurul raporu dosyalar sayfasına eklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M. (2021). Academic stress: How extrinsic motivation and self-efficacy affect. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 6(2), 164-180.
  • Akgunduz, Y., & Eser, S. (2022). The effects of tourist incivility, job stress and job satisfaction on tourist guides' vocational commitment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(1), 186-204.
  • Altintas, E., Karaca, Y., Berjot, S., El Haj, M., & Boudoukha, A. H. (2023). Work stress and motivation in psychologists in the hospital setting: the role of primary cognitive appraisal. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(4), 1039-1048.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun R., Bayraktaroğlu S. & Yıldırım E. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (3. bs). İstanbul: Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Anderson, V. L., Levinson, E. M., Barker, W., & Kiewra, K. R. (1999). The effects of meditation on teacher perceived occupational stress, state and trait anxiety, and burnout. School Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 3.
  • Bieling, P. J., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). The State--Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(7-8), 777-788.
  • Cengiz, Ekrem. & Kırkbir Fazıl, (2007), Yerel Halk Tarafından Algılanan Toplam Turizm Etkisi İle Turizm Desteği Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Yapısal Bir Model Önerisi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 19-37.
  • Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Kim, S., Wong, A. K. F., & Han, H. (2022). Examining airline employees’ work-related stress and coping strategies during the global tourism crisis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(10), 3715-3742.
  • Cohen, J. (1983). The cost of dichotomization. Applied psychological measurement, 7(3), 249-253.
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İşgören Performansi Üzerine Etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35-46.
  • Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102462.
  • Deci, E. L. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions.
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1985). Toward an organismic integration theory: motivation and development. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, 113-148.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • Delaney, M. L., & Royal, M. A. (2017). Breaking engagement apart: The role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in engagement strategies. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(1), 127-140.
  • Dündar, S., Özutku, H., & Taşpınar, F. (2007). İçsel ve dışsal motivasyon araçlarının işgörenlerin motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme. Gazi Üniversitesi Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (2), 105-119.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013, October). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal 51(3), 132-140.
  • Eubank, M., & Gilbourne, D. (2003). Stress, performance, and motivation theory. In Science and soccer (pp. 222-237). Routledge.
  • Eygü, H. (2018). Trafik Kazalarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(66), 837-850.
  • Fan, Y., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review. Ecological Processes, 5, 1-12.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
  • Hudson, T. M. (2013). Impact of stress-coping strategies on perceived stress, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy levels of students. Gardner-Webb University.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (yem) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 5(2), 26-42.
  • Kalyar, M., Shafique, I., & Ahmad, B. (2019). Job stress and performance nexus in tourism industry: A moderation analysis. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(1), 6-21.
  • Kandemir, H. (2015). Öğrenci Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Araştırılması-Investigation of Factors Which Affecting Student Satisfaction by Structural Equation Model. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(13), 447-461.
  • Kandemir, H., Tekeli, İ., & Özdaşlı, K. (2016). Örgüt Kültürünün Düşük ve Yüksek Bağlamlı İletişim Tarzları Üzerine Etkisi: Kafe Çalışanları Üzerine Çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Teknik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (11), 202-222.
  • Karsavuran, Z. (2021). Surviving a major crisis: The case of dismissed tourism and hospitality employees. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 13(2), 243-265.
  • Kipkosgei, F. (2022). Perceived Entrepreneurial Stress and Entrepreneurial Resilience; The Mediating Role of the Well-Being of Entrepreneurs and Moderating Role Perceived Online Social Support. Merits, 2, 1–17. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/merits2010001
  • Kurtuluş, K. (1996). Pazarlama Araştırmaları, Avcıol Basım,
  • Lee, Y., Kim, H. L., & Hyun, S. S. (2022). Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on service performance after parental leave. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2715.
  • Legault, L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 2416-2419.
  • Li, K. X., Jin, M., & Shi, W. (2018). Tourism as an important impetus to promoting economic growth: A critical review. Tourism management perspectives, 26, 135-142.
  • Maharani, S. P., Syah, T. Y. R., & Negoro, D. A. (2020). Internal service quality as a driver of employee satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intention exploring over focal role of employee well-being. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(3), 170-175.
  • Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S., & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational stress: its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of applied psychology, 71(4), 618.
  • Nguyen, V. T. T., & Chen, H. L. (2023). Examining impacts of information system success and perceived stress on students’ self-regulated learning mediated by intrinsic motivation in online learning environments: second-order structural equation modelling analyses. Education and information technologies, 28(10), 12945-12968.
  • Pelletier, L. G., & Vallerand, R. J. (1996). Supervisors' beliefs and subordinates' intrinsic motivation: A behavioral confirmation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 331.
  • Peterson, R. A. (2000). A meta-analysis of variance accounted for and factor loadings in exploratory factor analysis. Marketing letters, 11, 261-275.
  • Piaget, J. (1971). Biology and knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
  • Sharma, S., Abraham, A., & Masih, P. (2014). Leisure motivation amongst tourists. Indian Journal of positive psychology, 5(4).
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of psychology, 5(3 & 4).
  • UNWTO, 2024, International Tourism to Reach Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024 Available online: https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-to-reach-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024
  • Vallerand, R. J., & Fortier, M. S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. In J. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 81–101). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Vallerand, R. J. and Thill, E. E. (1993). “Introduction au concept de motivation. [An introduction to the concept of motivation]”. In Introduction à la psychologie de la motivation, Edited by: Vallerand, R. J. and Thill, E. E. 3 – 39. Laval (Québec): Éditions Études Vivantes.
  • Vatankhah, S., Bouzari, M., & Safavi, H. P. (2021). Unraveling the fuzzy predictors of stress at work. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 277-300.
  • Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., & Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of happiness studies, 9, 41-79.
  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, 2. Baskı, Ankara.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Şengöz 0000-0002-0311-9141

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 24 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şengöz, A. (2025). Effects of Stress and Trait Anxiety on Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Tourism Employee. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 9(1), 334-346. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1605517

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