An Examination of the Relation between In-Service Preschool Teachers and Preschool Teacher Candidates’ Levels of Nomophobia and FoMO

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 59 - 75, 01.09.2022

Önder İdil , Recep Çakır , Emrah Akman

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.104.9.5

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess in-service preschool teachers’ and preschool teacher candidates’ levels of Nomophobia (NO MObile PHone phOBIA) and FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). This study is a quantitative one in its nature, and rests on the correlational survey design from descriptive research models. We recruited a total of 310 participants in the study group. We collected data through the Nomophobia Questionnaire and the FOMO Scale. We found that both the in-service preschool teachers and the preschool teacher candidates had severe levels of nomophobia and moderate levels of FoMO. The in-service preschool teachers’ nomophobia scores did not differ significantly by age groups, but there was a statistically significant difference in their FoMO scores among age groups. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between the in-service preschool teachers and the preschool teacher candidates’ nomophobia and FoMO scores. Accordingly, the preschool teacher candidates had higher mean scores in their nomophobia and FoMO levels when compared with the in-service ones. Based on these findings, new inquiries about/into teachers’ nomophobia and FoMO levels should be done to be able to make comparisons. Further, it could give fruitful results to recruit teachers from different branches. Another suggestion is to test teachers’ nomophobia and FoMO levels in terms of demographics, particularly respecting gender and marital status as well as culture so that the justifications could be made about the results.

Keywords

nomophobia, fomo, preschool teachers, nomophobia, fomo, preschool teachers

References

• Adnan, M. & Gezgin, D. M. (2016). Modern çağın yeni fobisi: Üniversite öğrencileri arasında nomofobi prevalansı. Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 49(1), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1501/auebfd.v49i1.3119
• Argumosa-Villar, L., Boada-Grau, J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2017). Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the mobile phone involvement questionnaire (MPIQ). Journal of Adolescence, 56, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.003
• Ayar, D., Gerçeker, G. Ö., Özdemir, E. Z. & Bektaş, M. (2018). The effect of problematic internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nursing students' nomophobia levels. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(12), 589-595. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000458.
• Bavlı, Ö., Katra, H, & Günar, B. (2018). Investigation of smartphone addiction levels among university students. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 4(1), 326-333. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/intjcss/issue/38906/454671.
• Bhattacharya, S., Bashar, M. A., Srivastava, A., & Singh, A. (2019). Nomophobia: NO MObile PHone PhoBIA. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8.1297-300. https://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2019/8/4/1297/257106.
• Büyüköztürk Ş., Kılıç Çakmak E., Akgün Ö. E., Karadeniz Ş., & Demirel F. (2018) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Pegem A Yayınları, 25. Baskı, Ankara.
• Błachnio, A., & Przepiórka, A. (2018). Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, narcissism, and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 259, 514–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.012.
• Bragazzi, N. L., & Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychology research and behavior management, 7, 155. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S41386
• Çağan, Ö., Ünsal, A. & Çelik, N. (2014). Evaluation of college students-the level of addiction to cellular phone and investigation on the relationship between the addiction and the level of depression. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 831-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.793
• Çap, E. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumları ile kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki (Unpublished master's thesis). Marmara Üniveristesi, İstanbul.
• Çırak, M. (2021). Nomophobia in university students: The role of digital addiction, social connectedness and life satisfaction (Unpublished master's thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Demir, B. (2019). Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve kişisel iyi oluş ilişkisinin incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Dempsey, A. E., O’Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F., & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150.
• Denı̇z, L. & Gürültü, E. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılıkları. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(2), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.389780
• Dixit, S., Shukla, H., Bhagwat, A., Bindal, A., Goyal, A., Zaidi, A. & Shrivastava, A. (2010). A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college ve associated hospital of central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 3(2), 339. https://doi.org/10.4103 / 0970-0218.66878
• Dossey, L. (2014). FOMO, Digital Dementia, and Our Dangerous Experiment. Explore (NY), 10(2), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2013.12.008.
• Duman, Ö. D. (2019). Sosyal medya bağımlılığı: Erzurum ili üzerine bir inceleme. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
• Elhai, J. D., Hall, B. J., Levine, J. C., & Dvorak, R. D. (2017). Types of smartphone usage and relations with problematic smartphone behaviors: The role of content consumption vs. social smartphone use. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(2), 3. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-2-3.
• Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2016). Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 509-516. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.079
• Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Fang, J., Bai, Y., & Hall, B. J. (2020). Depression and anxiety symptoms are related to problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese young adults: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Addictive Behaviors, 101, 105962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.020.
• Erdem, H., Türen, U. & Kalkın, G. (2017). Mobil telefon yoksunluğu korkusu (nomofobi) yayılımı: Türkiye’den üniversite öğrencileri ve kamu çalışanları örneklemi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.17671/btd.30223.
• Eşitti, Ş. (2015). Bilgi çağında problemli internet kullanımı ve enformasyon obezitesi: Problemli internet kullanımı ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Hakemli Dergisi, 49, 75-97. https://doi.org/10.17064/iüifhd.90504
• Gezgin, D. M., & Çakır, Ö. (2016). Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2504-2519. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/3797/1804.
• Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Başarmak, U., & Dağlı, E. S. (2020). Akıllı telefon kullanım becerisi bağlamında okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin nomofobi eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(32), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.29329/mjer.2020.258.1
• Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Gemikonaklı, O., & Raman, I. (2017). Social networks users: Fear of missing out in preservice teachers. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(17): 156-168. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/37479/38560
• Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Sezen-Gültekin, G. & Gemikonaklı, O. (2018). Relationship between nomophobia and fear of missing out among Turkish university students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 13(4), 549–561. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v13i4.3464
• Gezgin, D. M., Şumuer, E., Arslan, O. & Yıldırım, S. (2017). Nomophobia prevalence among preschool teacher candidates : A case of Trakya University. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 7(1), 86–95. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/270323
• Griffiths, M. D. & Kuss, D. J. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52. Retrieved from https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/31776/1/PubSub9230_Griffiths.pdf.
• Gökler, M. E., Aydın, R., Ünal, E., & Metintaş, S. (2016). Sosyal ortamlarda gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(1), 53-59. Retrieved from https://alpha-psychiatry.com/Content/files/sayilar/109/53-59.pdf
• Guerrero, A. J., Belmonte, J. L., Rodríguez, J. M., & García, A. M. (2020). Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students, Heliyon, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04084.
• Hoşgör, H., Koç Tütüncü, S.; Gündüz Hoşgör, D., & Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu yaygınlığının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223. Retrieved from https://openaccess.maltepe.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12415/3472/io-0000016e-d53bb49a.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• James, T. L., Lowry, P. B., Wallace, L., & Warkentin, M. (2017). The effect of belongingness on obsessive-compulsive disorder in the use of online social networks. Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(2), 560–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 07421222.2017.1334496.
• Jonnes, T. (2014). Students’ Cell Phone Addiction and their Opinions. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 5(1), 74-80. https://www.elon.edu/u/academics/communications/journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/153/2017/06/08JonesEJSpring14.pdf
• Jood, T. E. (2017). Missing the present for the unkown: The relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO) and life satisfaction. Unpublished master’s thesis. University of South Africa. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/95521623.pdf
• Kırık, A. M., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A. & Gül, M. (2015). A quantitative research on the level of social media addiction among young people in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 3(3), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS444
• Kocabaş, D. & Sezer-Korucu, K. (2018). Dijital çağın hastalığı nomofobi üzerine bir araştırma. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(11), 254-268. Retrieved from http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/asead/ issue/41390/500238
• Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
• Macit, H. (2019). Marmara Bölgesi’nde sosyal medya bağımlılığı bulunan bireylerin psikolojik semptomlarının incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Marlina, R. D. (2017). Correlation between fear of missing out (FoMO) with internet addiction tendency in emerging adulthood. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. Retrieved from http://eprints.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/129/9/Halaman%20Depan.pdf
• Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008.
• Oğuzkan, Ş. & Oral, G. (1983). Okulöncesi Eğitimi. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayın Evi. Özdemir, B., Çakır, O. & Hussain, I. (2018). Prevalence of Nomophobia among university students: A comparative study of Pakistani and Turkish undergraduate students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(4), 1519-1532. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/84839
• Park, C. S. (2019). Examination of smartphone dependence: Functionally and existentially dependent behavior on the smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 93(2019), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.022. Polat, R. (2017) Dijital Hastalık Olarak Nomofobi. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 1(2), 164-172. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/410708
• Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational,emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
• Reagle, J. (2015). Following the Joneses: FOMO and conspicuous sociality. First Monday, 20(10). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i10.6064
• Rosen, L. D., Lim, A., Felt, J., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., Lara-Ruiz, J., & Rokkum, J. (2014). Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habit. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 364-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.036
• Sevim-Cirak, N., İslim, Ö. F. (2021) Investigation into nomophobia amongst Turkish preschool teacher candidates. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 1877–1895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10335-9.
• Sezer B. & Atılgan, S. B. C. (2019). The dark side of smartphone usage (nomophobia): Do we need to worry about ıt?. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 18(54), 30-43. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.513988
• Sırakaya, M. (2018). Ön lisans öğrencilerinin nomofobi düzeylerinin akıllı telefon kullanım durumlarına göre incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 714-727. https://doi.org/10.17860/ mersinefd.359458.
• Şumuer, E., Gezgin, D. M. & Yıldırım, S. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ders sırasında öğretim amacı dışında mobil telefon kullanımına etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 8(4), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.378459.
• van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. M. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12. 039.
• Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B., & Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001
• Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry Research, 262, 618–623. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.058.
• Yıldırım, Ç. & Correia, A. (2015). Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 49 (2015), pp. 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.059.
• Yıldırım, Ç., Şumuer, E., Adnan, M., & Yıldırım, S. (2016). A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development, 32(5), 1322- 1331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915599025
• Yıldırım, Ç., Şumuer, E., İslim, Ö. F., & Yıldırım, S. (2015). Are teachers too nomophobic too teach A case from Turkey. Retrieved from https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/78877.
• Yıldız Durak, H. (2019). Investigation of nomophobia and smartphone addiction predictors among adolescents in Turkey: Demographic variables and academic performance. The Social Science Journal, 56(4), 492-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.09.003.
• Yusufoğlu. Ö. Ş. (2017). Boş zaman faaliyeti olarak akıllı telefonlar ve sosyal yaşam üzerine etkileri: üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches, 6(5), 2414-2434. Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/download/article-file/360505