Psychological Resilience in Children and Adolescents: The Power of Self-Recovery

Abstract

Many children in the world grow up without good enough opportunities under challenging conditions such as poverty, violence, neglect, abuse, family discord and diseases. These conditions hinder the mental, emotional and social development of children and young people, making it difficult for them to reach their potential to become healthy adults. In addition to all these, there are children who can survive even in the most severe conditions and continue their development with health and functionality. Psychological resilience is a resource that protects and develops the psychological well-being of children and adolescents, rather than an invariable, innate feature, it is a dynamic process that can be developed, continuous and shaped by the interaction of the individual with his own internal factors and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to present a review of the literature on resilience research from past to present. The article includes the definition of resilience, the history of resilience research, components of resilience, models, measurement, interventions, and future directions in resilience research. Investments in the development of resilience in children and adolescents will produce health-promoting outcomes that balance individual and community-based psychological well-being throughout life, including positive outcomes and potential improvements.

Keywords

• Psychological resilience
• resilience
• childhood
• adolescence

Çocuklar ve Ergenlerde Psikolojik Sağlamlık: Kendini Toparlama Gücü

Öz

Dünyada pek çok çocuk yoksulluk, şiddet, ihmal, istismar, aile uyumsuzlukları, hastalıklar gibi zorlayıcı koşullar altında büyümektedir. Bu koşullar, çocukların ve gençlerin zihinsel, duygusal, sosyal gelişimlerini engelleyerek sağlıklı birer yetişkin olma potansiyeline ulaşmalarını güçleştirebilmektedir. Bütün bunların yanında, en ağır koşullarda bile hayatta kalabildiği gibi gelişimlerini sağlıkla ve işlevsellikle sürdürebilen çocuklar da vardır. Psikolojik sağlamlık, değişmez, doğuştan gelen bir özellikten ziyade çocuklar ve ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşunu koruyan ve geliştiren bir kaynak, bireyin kendi iç faktörleri ve çevresel faktörlerle etkileşimiyle şekillenen ve süreklilik arz eden, geliştirilebilen dinamik bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada amaç, geçmişten bugüne psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmalarına dair uzanan bir alanyazın gözden geçirmesi sunmaktır. Makalede psikolojik sağlamlık tanımı, psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmaları tarihçesi, psikolojik sağlamlık bileşenleri, modelleri, ölçümü, müdahaleleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmalarında gelecek yönelimlere yer verilmiştir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde psikolojik sağlamlık gelişimine yapılan yatırımlar, pozitif sonuçlar ve potansiyel iyileşmeler dahil olmak üzere yaşam boyu birey ve toplum temelli psikolojik iyiliği dengeleyici, sağlığı teşvik eden sonuçlar ortaya koyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikolojik sağlamlık
• kendini toparlama gücü
• çocukluk
• ergenlik

Kaynakça

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