COVID-19 Salgınının Gruplar Arası Eşitsizlikler Üzerine Etkileri: Kadınlar Örneği

Öz

Günümüzde etkileri devam eden COVID-19 pandemisinin gruplar arasındaki eşitsizlikler üzerinde önemli çıktıları söz konusudur. Mevcut çalışmanın temel amaçları, COVID-19 salgınının kadın ve erkekler arasındaki eşitsizlikleri nasıl etkilediğini irdelemek, bu süreçte artan toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin nedenlerini kavrayabilmek ve bu eşitsizliklerin nasıl azaltılabileceğine ilişkin uygulanabilir çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Dünyanın farklı ülkelerinden gelen bulgular sonucunda, salgın öncesinde var olan toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin COVID-19 salgını ile derinleştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Pandemi ile kadınların maruz kaldığı fiziksel, psikolojik ve ekonomik şiddet düzeyinde önemli artışlar yaşandığı, ev ve bakım işlerine harcadığı emeğin kayda değer ölçüde yükseldiği ve iş yaşamında karşılaştıkları sorunların ciddi ölçüde arttığı görülmektedir. Cinsiyet temelli eşitsizliklerinin salgın sürecinde neden arttığını anlamak toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine ulaşmak adına atılabilecek en önemli adımlardan biridir. Eşitsizliklerin artışındaki nedenler incelendiğinde, salgınla mücadele konusunda uygulanan politikalardan, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine kadar pek çok faktörün bu süreçte kritik rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin zayıflatılabilmesi için toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı farkındalık eğitimlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi, kadınların karar alma süreçlerine dâhil edilmesi, toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı politikalar geliştirilmesi, kadınları destekleyen mekanizmaların güçlendirilmesi ve bu mekanizmaların görünürlüğünün arttırılması gibi kısa ve uzun vadede gerçekleştirilecek olan çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pandemi
• Kadın
• Toplumsal Cinsiyet
• Eşitsizlik

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Intergroups Inequalities: The Case of Women

Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has crucial implications for intergroup inequalities. The main aims of the current study are to examine how the COVID-19 affects inequalities between women and men, understand the causes of increasing gender-based inequalities during pandemic, and offer practical solutions on how these inequalities can be reduced. The results of studies from different countries demonstrated that gender-based inequalities that existed before the pandemic deepened with the COVID-19. After the COVID-19, there has been a serious rise in the level of physical, psychological and economic violence that women are exposed to, the labor they spend on housework and caring has increased dramatically, and the problems they face in business life ascended. Understanding why gender-based inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 is one of the influential steps to achieve gender equality. When the reasons are examined, it has been determined that many factors, including the policies implemented in the struggle against the pandemic and gender roles, play critical roles in this rise. Finally, in order to diminish gender-based inequalities, short and long-term solutions are presented such as carrying out gender-based awareness education, adequate representations of women in decision-making processes, developing gender-sensitive policies, strengthening the mechanisms that support women.

Keywords

• Pandemic
• Women
• Gender
• Inequality

Kaynakça

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