Beliren Yetişkinlerin Yaşlı Bireylere Yönelik Tutumlarını Etkileyen Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, , 46 - 52, 29.12.2022

Cem Soylu

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1066575

Öz

Diğer ülkelerle benzer olarak, ülkemizde doğurganlık hızının azalması ve yaşam süresinin artması ile yaşlı bireylerin toplam nüfus içerisindeki oranı ve bu alandaki çalışmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir dizi sosyodemografik değişken ile empatinin farklı alt boyutlarının yaşlılara yönelik tutumları yordayıp yordamadığını incelemektir. Araştırmaya beliren yetişkinlik döneminde yer alan (Ort. = 19.76 SS. = 1.37, ranj 18-24 yaş) ve 111’i (%77.6) kadın olan toplam 143 lisans öğrencisi dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, ‘Demografik Bilgi Formu’, ‘Kişilerarası Tepkisellik Ölçeği’ ve ‘Kogan Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’ ile toplanmış ve bulgular hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile elde edilmiştir. ‘Gelecekte yaşlı bir birey ile yaşama isteği’ (evet; β = 0.42, p < .001, fikrim yok; β = 0.30, p < .001) ve ‘kadın olma’ (β = -0.19, p = .017) yaşlılara yönelik pozitif tutum ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, ‘gelecekte yaşlı bir birey ile yaşama isteği’ ve ‘kadın olma’ ilk aşamada konrol edildiğinde, ‘empatik düşüncenin’ yaşlılara yönelik tutumu pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur (β = 0.20, p = .038). Elde edilen bu bulgular, önceki çalışmalar ile kısmen tutarlı olmakla birlikte, cinsiyet, yaşlılar ile birlikte yaşama isteği ve empatik düşüncenin yaşlı bireylere yönelik tutum ile anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlılara yönelik tutum, empati, beliren yetişkinlik

Destekleyen Kurum

yoktur

Proje Numarası

yoktur

Teşekkür

yoktur

Investigation of Variables Affecting Attitudes of Emerging Adults Towards Older Individuals

Öz

Similar to other countries, the ratio of the older people in the total population and the number of studies in this field is increasing day by day due to the decrease in the fertility rate and the increase in life expectancy in the Turkish culture. The aim of the present study is to examine whether a number of sociodemographic variables and different sub-dimensions of empathy predict the attitudes toward older adults. A total of 143 undergraduate students, 111 (77.6%) of whom were women, who were in emerging adulthood (M. = 19.76 SD. = 1.37, range 18-24 years) were included in the study. The data was collected using a ‘Demographic Information Form’, ‘The Interpersonal Reactivity Index’, and ‘Kogan’s Attitude Toward Older People Scale’ and hierarchical regression analysis was performed. ‘Willingness to live with the elderly in the future’ (yes; β = 0.42, p < .001, no idea; β = 0.30, p < .001) and ‘being a woman’ (β = -0.19, p = .017) were associated with a more positive attitude toward older people. Moreover, when ''willingness to live with the elderly in the future' and 'being a woman' were controlled in the first step, it was found that high 'empathic concern' positively predicted the attitudes toward older adults (β = .20, p = .038). Partially consistent with the previous studies, these findings indicate that ‘gender’, ‘want to live with an older person in the future’, and ‘empathic concern’ are significantly related to the attitudes toward older adults.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attitude toward elderly, empathy, emerging adults

Proje Numarası

yoktur

Kaynakça

• Akça E (2014) Personality and cultural predictors of the quiet ego: comparing Turkey and the United States (Doktora tezi). Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
• Altmann TK (2008) Attitude: a concept analysis. Nurs Forum, 43:144-150.
• Ayoǧlu FN, Kulakçı H, Ayyıldız TK, Aslan GK, Veren F (2014) Attitudes of Turkish nursing and medical students toward elderly people. J Transcult Nurs, 25:241-248.
• Bamakan MZ, Nasiriani K, Madadizadeh F, Keshmiri F (2021) Effect of an aged wearing suit on nursing student’s knowledge and attitude. BMC Nurs, 20:1-8. Birleşmiş Milletler (2019) Dünya Nüfus Durumu, 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/. (Accessed 01.02.2022).
• Chu L, Lay JC, Tsang VHL, Fung HH (2020) Attitudes toward aging: a glance back at research developments over the past 75 years. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 75:1125-1129.
• Darling R, Sendir M, Atav S, Buyukyilmaz, F (2018) Undergraduate nursing students and the elderly: an assessment of attitudes in a Turkish university. Gerontol Geriatr Educ, 39:283-294.
• Davis MH (1980) A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10:85.
• Elbi H, Altan S, Rahman S, Özyurt CB, Şahin S, Çam FS (2015) The attitudes of medical students toward the elderly. Turk Geriatri Derg, 18:299-304.
• Erdemir F, Kav S, Citak EA, Hanoglu Z, Karahan AA (2011) Turkish version of Kogan's attitude toward older people (KAOP) scale: reliability and validity assessment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 52:162-165.
• Fita F, Mekonnen HS, Endalew HL, Azagew AW (2021) Knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards older people care among nurses working at public hospitals in West Shoa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. BMC nurs, 20:1-12.
• Ghimire S, Shrestha N, Callahan KE, Nath D, Baral BK, Lekhak N, et al. (2019) Undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge of aging, attitudes toward and perceptions of working with older adults in Kathmandu Nepal. Int J Nurs Sci, 6:204-210.
• Gholamzadeh S, Khastavaneh M, Khademian Z, Ghadakpour S (2018) The effects of empathy skills training on nursing students’ empathy and attitudes toward elderly people. BMC Med Educ, 18:1-7.
• Güven Ş, Muz GU, Ertürk NE (2012) The attitudes of university students towards elderly discrimination and the relation of these attitudes with some variables. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15:99-105.
• Hweidi IM, Al-Obeisat SM (2006) Jordanian nursing students’ attitudes toward the elderly. Nurse Educ Today, 26:23-30.
• Kogan N (1961) Attitudes toward old people: the development of a scale and an examination of correlates. J Abnorm Soc Psychol, 62:44-54. Lambrinou E, Sourtzi P, Kalokerinou A, Lemonidou C (2009) Attitudes and knowledge of the Greek nursing students towards older people. Nurse Educ Today, 29:617-622.
• Lee YS (2009) Measures of student attitudes on aging. Educ Gerontol, 35:121-134.
• Liu YE, Norman IJ, While AE (2013) Nurses’ attitudes towards older people: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2013, 50:1271-1282.
• López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, Pérez-Ros P (2021) Factors affecting attitudes towards older people in undergraduate nursing students. Healthcare, 9:1231.
• Pavlova A, Wang CX, Boggiss AL, O’Callaghan A, Consedine NS (2021) Predictors of physician compassion, empathy, and related constructs: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med, Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07055-2 Accessed date:01.02.2022.
• Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods, 40:879-891.
• Sağır D, Özkaptan BB (2016) Attitudes of nursing students towards older people with their empathic tendency in Sinop having the oldest population in Turkey. Int J Adv Res, 4:1138-1143.
• Schüttengruber G, Stolz E, Lohrmann C, Kriebernegg U, Halfens R, Großschädl F (2021) Attitudes towards older adults (80 years and older): a measurement with the ageing semantic differential‐a cross‐sectional study of Austrian students. Int J Older People Nurs, Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12430 Accessed date:01.02.2022.
• Serin EK, Tülüce D (2021) Determining nursing students' attitudes and empathic tendencies regarding aged discrimination. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57:380-389.
• Söderhamn O, Lindencrona C, Gustavsson SM (2001) Attitudes toward older people among nursing students and registered nurses in Sweden. Nurse Educ Today, 21:225-229.
• Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2013) Cleaning up your Act: screening data prior to analysis. In Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. (Eds Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS):60-117. New Jersey, Pearson Education.
• Türgay AS, Şahin S, Aykar FŞ, Sari D, Badir A, Özer ZC (2015) Attitudes of Turkish nursing students toward elderly people. Eur Geriatr Med, 6:267-270.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2021a) Doğum İstatistikleri, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dogum-Istatistikleri-2020-37229. (Accessed 01.02.2022).
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2021b). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2020-37227. (Accessed 01.02.2022)
• Yao GY, Luo YY, Zhao ZM, Zhu B, Gao M (2021) The moderating role of empathy profiles in the relationship between knowledge about aging and attitudes toward older adults among nursing students. Front Psychol, 12:713271.
• Zampieron A, Saraiva M, Corso M, Buja A (2012) An international survey on attitudes of renal nurses towards older people. J Ren Care, 38:213-221.
• Zhang Y, Wang J, Zu Y, Hu Q (2021) Attitudes of chinese college students toward aging and living independently in the context of China’s modernization: a qualitative study. Front Psychol, 2:1798.
• Zhao Q, Ren Q, Sun Y, Wan L, Hu L (2020) Impact factors of empathy in Mainland Chinese youth. Front Psychol, 11:688.