Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik Damgalamanın Değerlendirilmesi: Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Damgalama ruhsal hastalıklarla ilişkili tanı ve tedaviden dolayı toplumun kişiye karşı önyargılı tutum ve davranışlar geliştirmesi, bireyin sosyal grup içinde ayrımcılığa maruz kalmasıdır. Damgalama toplumsal ve içselleştirilmiş olarak gözlenebilir. Toplumsal damgalama kişilerin fırsatlarını, seçeneklerini ve rekabet koşullarını kısıtlayabilir. İçselleştirilen damgalama çevrenin ön yargı ve ayrımcılık içeren yaklaşımıyla ilişkili inançlarının birey tarafından içselleştirilmesidir. Toplumsal ve içselleştirilen damgalama süreçleri benlik algısıyla ilişkilidir. Ruhsal hastalığı olan kişilerle birlikte hasta yakınlarının da damgalamaya maruz kaldığı; damgalamanın ruhsal hastalıklarda iyileşme olasılığını azalttığı açıklanmıştır. İlgili araştırmaların bulguları dikkate alındığında ruhsal hastalığın olumsuz sonuçlarının artmasını ve eş tanıların gelişmesini önlemek, tedavi sürecinde işlevsel davranışları güçlendirmek ve sosyal desteği arttırmak için damgalama ile bireysel ve toplumsal olarak etkin mücadeleye ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Hastaları, hasta yakınlarını, ruh sağlığı çalışanlarını ve toplumu bilgilendirmek; sosyal değişimi ve konuyla ilgili yeni araştırmaları teşvik etmek mücadele yöntemleri olarak düşünülebilir. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında damgalama süreci, toplumsal ve içselleştirilen damgalama, psikopatoloji ve benlik algısının içselleştirilen damgalama ile ilişkisi, damgalama ve hastanın ailesi, damgalamanın zamansal ve toplumsal durumu, damgalamanın ruh sağlığı hizmetleriyle ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ruhsal hastalık
• ruh sağlığı
• sosyal davranış
• önyargı
• ayrımcılık

Evaluation of Stigma of Mental Illnesses: A Review

Abstract

Stigma is the society's development of prejudiced attitudes and behaviors against the individual due to the diagnosis and treatment associated with mental illnesses, and the individual's exposure to discrimination within the social group. Stigma can be observed as social and internalized. Social stigma can limit people's opportunities, options and competitive conditions. Internalized stigma is the internalization of beliefs related to the prejudiced and discriminatory approach of the environment by the individual. Social and internalized stigmatization processes are related to self-esteem. It has been stated that patient relatives are also exposed to stigmatization along with individuals who have mental illness, and stigmatization reduces the possibility of recovery in mental illnesses. Considering the relevant research findings, it is understood that there is a need to struggle individually and socially against stigma in order to prevent the increase in the negative consequences of mental illness and the development of comorbidities, to strengthen functional behaviors during the treatment process and to increase social support. Informing patients, patient's family, mental health workers and the society, encouraging social change and new research on the subject can be considered as methods of struggle with stigma. In this review, the stigmatization process, social and internalized stigma, the relationship between psychopathology and self-esteem with internalized stigma, stigma and the patient's family, status of stigma over time, status of stigma according to societies, and the relationship of stigma with mental health services were evaluated. In this review, the stigmatization process, social and internalized stigma, the relationship between psychopathology and self-esteem with internalized stigma, stigma and the patient's family, status of stigma over time, status of stigma according to societies, and the relationship of stigma with mental health services were evaluated.

Keywords

• Mental illness
• mental health
• social behavior
• prejudice
• discrimination

Kaynakça

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