Sağlık İnanç Modeli Bağlamında Cilt Kanseri ile İlişkili Sağlık Davranışı Müdahaleleri

Öz

Cilt kanseri görülme sıklığı tüm dünyada her yıl artmaktadır. Cilt kanserinin ortaya çıkmasında birçok neden olmasına rağmen, güneş ışınlarının neden olduğu UV radyasyon en önemli etken olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, UV radyasyona maruz kalmanın azaltılması, cilt kanserinin önlenmesi için en önemli öncelik olmalıdır. Ayrıca farklı demografik özellikler de UV maruziyet miktarını etkiler. Bunlar yaş, cinsiyet ve meslek gruplarını içerir. Öte yandan, insanlar gönüllü olarak UV radyasyonuna maruz kalabilirler. Buna güneşlenme veya bronzlaşma cihazlarını kullanma örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Bu nedenlerle UV radyasyonuna maruziyeti azaltmaya yönelik müdahaleler demografik özelliklere ve bronzlaşma isteğine odaklanmalıdır. Aynı zamanda literatürde teoriye dayalı ve sistematik müdahalelerin diğerlerinden daha etkili olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sağlık davranışları için etkili bir psikososyal model olan Sağlık İnanç Modeli'nin güneşten korunma davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Bu derlemede, cilt kanserinin önlenmesi ve güneşten korunma davranışlarının iyileştirilmesi için bronzlaşma davranışı, yaş, cinsiyet ve açık hava etkinlikleri bağlamında Sağlık İnanç Modeli'ne dayalı müdahaleleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cilt kanseri
• melanom
• UV radyasyon
• sağlık inanç modeli

Skin Cancer-Related Health Behavior Interventions in the Context of the Health Belief Model

Abstract

The incidence of skin cancer is increasing around the world every year. Although there are many reasons for the occurrence of skin cancer, UV radiation caused by sunlight is seen as the most important factor. Therefore, reducing exposure to UV radiation should be a top priority for skin cancer prevention. In addition, different demographic features also affect the amount of UV exposure. These include age, gender and professional groups. On the other hand, people can be exposed to UV radiation voluntarily. Sunbathing or using tanning devices can be shown as examples for this. For these reasons, interventions to reduce exposure to UV radiation should focus on demographic features and the desire to tan. At the same time, it is emphasized in the literature that theory-based and systematic interventions are more effective than others. In this context, we think that the Health Belief Model, which is an effective psychosocial model for health behaviors, will be useful in developing sun protection behaviors. In this review, interventions based on the Health Belief Model in the context of tanning behavior, age, gender, and outdoor activities for the prevention of skin cancer and the improvement of sun protection behaviors have been discussed.

Keywords

• skin cancer
• melanoma
• UV radiation
• health belief model

Kaynakça

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