Gelişimsel Psikopatoloji Çerçevesinden Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Risk Faktörleri

Öz

Depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları kişilerin hayatını birçok açıdan olumsuz etkileyen en yaygın görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklardandır. Eş tanılanma oranının fazla olduğu bu bozuklukların nasıl geliştiğini ve sürdüğünü derinlemesine incelemek ve anlamak, önleme, müdahale ve tedavi çalışmalarına rehberlik etmektedir. Duygusal bozukluklar olarak anılan depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının altında ortak bazı yatkınlık faktörlerinin yattığı düşünülmektedir. Gelişimsel psikopatoloji bu yatkınlık ve risk faktörlerini yaşam boyu bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasının amacı gelişimsel psikopatoloji bakış açısıyla depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini incelemektir. Çalışmada risk faktörleri olarak genetik ve biyolojik faktörler, mizaç, çocukluk dönemi olumsuz yaşantıları, olumsuz aile ve akran ilişkileri ve bazı bilişsel ve duygusal faktörler ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu risk faktörlerinin depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarına nasıl zemin hazırladığı tartışılmıştır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışması, duygusal bozuklukların altında tanılar üstü bazı ortak risk faktörlerinin yattığını vurgulamakta, depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının gelişimsel yollarını anlamak için gelişimsel psikopatoloji perspektifinin önemine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• depresyon
• anksiyete
• gelişimsel psikopatoloji
• risk faktörleri

Risk Factors in Depression and Anxiety Disorders from the Framework of Developmental Psychopathology

Abstract

Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that negatively affect individuals’ life in many ways. Understanding how these highly comorbid emotional disorders develop and persist might guide prevention, intervention, and treatment studies. Some common vulnerability factors underlie depression and anxiety disorders. Developmental psychopathology deals with these vulnerabilities and risk factors from a lifetime perspective. The aim of this review is to present the risk factors associated with depression and anxiety from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. For this purpose, we discussed genetic and biological factors, temperament, negative childhood experiences, family and peer relationships, and some cognitive and emotional factors as risk factors. Also, we discussed how these risk factors lead to depression and anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes that some common transdiagnostic risk factors underlie emotional disorders and highlights the importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective to understand the developmental pathways of depression and anxiety disorders.

Keywords

• depression
• anxiety
• developmental psychopathology
• risk factors

Kaynakça

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