Role of Glia Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Öz

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing frequency, manifested by functional disorders in social communication and social interaction, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors. The etiology of autism spectrum disorder has not yet been fully elucidated and there are many areas that need further study. Increasing studies have shown that disruptions in synaptic functions are critical in the onset of ASD. Glial cells have a role in the regulation of synaptic functions. In ASD, changes are seen in the number of neurons and glia cells in the affected cerebral cortex, and these changes cause dysregulation in synaptic functions and affect behaviors. Studies provide information about the role of glia cells in the pathophysiology of ASD, but more data is needed on the relationship between ASD and glia cells. In this review, the importance of glial cells in the etiopathogenesis of ASD and studies will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Glia cells
• astroglia
• neurons
• autism spectrum disorder

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluklarında Glia Hücrelerinin Rolü

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), sıklığı giderek artmakta olan, sosyal iletişim ve sosyal etkileşimde işlevsel bozukluklar, sınırlı ilgi alanları, tekrarlayan davranışlar ile kendini gösteren nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu etiyolojisi henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır ve daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç olan birçok alan vardır. Artan çalışmalar sinaptik fonksiyonlardaki bozulmaların OSB başlangıcında kritik öneme sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sinaptik fonksiyonların düzenlenmesinde glial hücrelerin rolü bulunmaktadır. OSB’ de etkilenen serebral kortekste nöron ve glia hücre sayılarında değişiklikler görülmekte, bu değişiklikler sinaptik fonksiyonlarda düzensizliğe yol açmakta ve davranışları etkilemektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar glia hücrelerinin OSB patofizyolojisinde ki rolü ile ilgili bilgiler sunmakta ancak OSB ile glia hücreleri arasında ki ilişki ile ilgili daha çok veriye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede glial hücrelerin OSB etiyopatogenezindeki önemine ve yapılan çalışmalara değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Glia hücreleri
• astrogilia
• nöron
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu

Kaynakça

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