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Yaşlanmada Bilişsel Egzersiz ve Rehabilitasyon

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 15, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1229218

Öz

Yaşlılık; biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyo-kültürel süreçlerde ortaya çıkan ve giderek artan bozulmaların görüldüğü bir yaşam evresidir. Bu nedenle yaşlanmada gözlenen diğer tüm değişimlerle birlikte bilişsel değişim de kaçınılmazdır. İleri yetişkinlikte bilgileri işleme hızı, olayların nerede ve ne zaman gerçekleştiği gibi bağlamsal bilgileri hatırlama becerisi ve yönetici işlev performansı zayıflamaktadır. Üstelik bilişsel süreçlerdeki bu değişim, gündelik yaşamdaki işlevselliğin bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaşlanmanın olumsuz etkilerinden korunmada fiziksel aktivite, beslenme ve sosyal desteğin anahtar rol oynadığı iyi bilinmekle birlikte bilişsel egzersiz ve rehabilitasyonların etkisi görece daha az araştırılmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ileri yetişkinlerde bozulan bilişsel işlevlerin telafi edilmesine ya da belirli ölçülerde yeniden kazanılmasına yardımcı olmak için farklı bilişsel süreçlere (epizodik bellek, çalışma belleği, yönetici işlevler, dikkat, işleme hızı) yönelik uygulanan bilişsel egzersiz ve rehabilitasyon uygulamalarını incelemektir. Bu kapsamda uygulamaların etkinliği, kazanımların farklı bilişsel alanlara aktarımı ve uzun süreler korunup korunmadığı incelenmiş; bilişsel egzersiz ve rehabilitasyon gibi bilinçli ve sistematik uygulamaların yaşlanmanın olumsuz etkilerini azaltmadaki katkısı tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

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Cognitive Training and Rehabilitation in Aging

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 15, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1229218

Öz

Aging is a life stage in which progressive deterioration occurs in biological, psychological, and socio-cultural processes. Therefore, along with all the other changes observed in aging, cognitive change is inevitable. In older adulthood, the speed of processing information, the ability to remember contextual information such as where and when events occur, and executive function performance are impaired. Moreover, this change in cognitive processes causes the deterioration of functionality in daily life. Although it is well known that physical activity, nutrition, and social support play a key role in preventing the adverse effects of aging, the impact of cognitive training and rehabilitation have been relatively less studied. This review aims to examine cognitive training and rehabilitation practices applied to different cognitive processes (episodic memory, working memory, executive functions, attention and processing speed) to help compensate for or regain cognitive functions that are impaired in older adults. In this context, the effectiveness of the practices, the transfer of gains to different cognitive areas, and whether they are preserved for long periods were examined. The contribution of conscious and systematic practices, such as cognitive training and rehabilitation, in reducing the adverse effects of aging has been discussed.

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  • Wilson BA, Gracey F, Malley D, Bateman A, Evans JJ (2009) The Oliver Zangwill Centre approach to neuropsychological rehabilitation. In Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: Theory, Models, Therapy and Outcome (Eds BA Wilson, F Gracey, JJ Evans, A Bateman):47-67. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Yates FA (1966) The Art of Memory. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Yates LA, Ziser S, Spector A, Orrell M (2016) Cognitive leisure activities and future risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr, 28:1791-1806.
  • Ylvisaker M, Hanks R, Johnson-Greene D (2002) Perspectives on rehabilitation of individuals with cognitive impairment after brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 17:191-209.
  • Zelinski EM (2009) Far transfer in cognitive training of older adults. Restor Neurol Neurosci, 27:455-471.
  • Zhang H, Huntley J, Bhome R, Holmes B, Cahill J, Gould RL et al. (2019) Effect of computerised cognitive training on cognitive outcomes in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9:e027062.
  • Zimmermann K, von Bastian CC, Röcke C, Martin M, Eschen A (2016) Transfer after process-based object-location memory training in healthy older adults. Psychol Aging, 31:798-814.
  • Zinke K, Zeintl M, Eschen A, Herzog C, Kliegel M (2012) Potentials and limits of plasticity induced by working memory training in old-old Age. Gerontology, 58:79-87.
  • Zinke K, Zeintl M, Rose NS, Putzmann J, Pydde A, Kliegel M (2014) Working memory training and transfer in older adults: Effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains. Dev Psychol, 50:304-315.
Toplam 149 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Hakan Karlı 0000-0002-8543-3846

Handan Can 0000-0003-4991-9803

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

AMA Karlı H, Can H. Cognitive Training and Rehabilitation in Aging. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2024;16(1):1-15. doi:10.18863/pgy.1229218

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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.