Gaslighting ve Kişilerarası İlişkiler: Sistematik Derleme Çalışması

Öz

Gaslighting failin mağdurun aklından şüphe etmesini sağlayan, gerçeklik algısını sorgulatan ve kişinin delirdiğini düşündüren bir manipülasyon tekniğidir. Gaslighting’in bir evlilik sendromu olduğu düşünülse de gaslighting sadece evliliklerde değil bütün ilişkilerde ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı da gaslighting ve ilişkiler üzerine yapılan çalışmaları sistematik olarak derlemek, hangi tür ilişkilerde gaslighting görüldüğünü ve bunun çıktılarının neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRDizin ve Web of Science veri tabanları kullanılmıştır. Sistematik derleme PRISMA kriterlerine göre yürütülmüştür. Veri tabanlarında taratılmak üzere Türkçe ve İngilizce dilinde ‘‘gaslighting’’, ‘‘gaslight’’’ ‘relationship/ilişkiler’’ terimleri anahtar kelime olarak kullanılmıştır. Veri tabanlarından 97 çalışmaya ulaşılmış, 31 çalışma görüntülenmiş ve bunların 17 tanesi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaların çoğu ABD kaynaklıdır. Çalışma bulguları gaslighting’in sağlık, politika, romantik ve sosyal ilişkiler gibi birçok farklı alanda ortaya çıkabildiğini göstermiştir. İlişkilerde mağdurun ve failin kişiliğinin, partner bağımlılığının ve ilişkideki güç dengesinin gaslighting’i etkileyen unsurlar olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca alanyazında, gaslighting ile ilgili araştırmaların çok sınırlı sayıda olduğu bulgusuna erişilmiştir. Özellikle Türkçe kaynaklarda, gaslighting’e maruz kalmış kişileri doğrudan konu alan nicel veya nitel çalışma bulgularına rastlanamamıştır. Bunun nedeninin, Türkiye'de henüz gaslighting konusunda ölçekli bir çalışma yapılmamış olmasıyla ilişkili olduğu düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gaslighting
• duygusal istismar
• manipülasyon
• kişilerarası ilişkiler

Gaslighting and Interpersonal Relationships: Systematic Review

Öz

Gaslighting is a manipulation technique that makes the perpetrator doubt the mind of the victim, questions the perception of reality, and makes the person think that they are crazy. Although gaslighting is thought to be a marriage syndrome, gaslighting can occur not only in marriages but also in all relationships. The purpose of this review study is to systematically compile the studies on gaslighting and relationships, to reveal what kind of relationships gaslighting is seen and what its outputs are. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRDizin, and Web of Science databases were used in the research. The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA criteria. The terms "gaslighting", "gaslight" and "relationship" were used as keywords in Turkish and English to be scanned in databases. 97 studies were accessed from the databases, 31 studies were viewed and 17 of them were included in the study. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA. The study findings showed that gaslighting can occur in many different areas such as health, politics, and romantic and social relationships. It has been seen that the personality of the victim and the perpetrator, partner addiction, and the balance of power in the relationship are the factors that affect gaslighting. In addition, it has been found in the literature that there are a very limited number of studies on gaslighting. Especially in Turkish literature, quantitative or qualitative study findings directly addressing people who have been exposed to gaslighting have not been found. The reason for this was thought to be related to the fact that a scale study on gaslighting has not yet been carried out in Turkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gaslighting
• emotional abuse
• manipulation
• interpersonal relationship

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