Current Trends in the Treatment of Misophonia

Abstract

Misophonia is a disorder characterized by emotional and physiological responses that occur in response to certain auditory stimuli. Visual, tactile, and olfactory stimuli, primarily oral and nasal sounds such as eating, nose, and respiratory sounds, reveal misophonic responses. People with misophonia may have difficulty in social interactions, and work or school performance may be adversely affected. Misophonia symptoms can also cause anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. Physiological reactions in the body, such as pain, sweating, tachycardia, hot flashes, and breathing difficulties, negatively affect people's physical health. For this reason, people's physical and mental health and quality of life are significantly affected. The absence of agreed diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of misophonia and the lack of sufficient data to classify it as a psychiatric disorder has led to the lack of validated treatment guidelines. However, there are treatment recommendations discussed in the literature for misophonia, which has a prevalence of 20% in a limited number of studies and negatively affects the functionality of the individual. In the management of misophonia, tinnitus re-education therapy (TRT) was used as audiological treatment, antidepressants, and anxiolytics were used as pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioral therapies were used as therapy. Other suggested treatment recommendations are neural remodeling technique, sequential remodeling hypnotherapy, trauma prevention technique, and trauma and tension reduction exercises. This review aims to present the treatment approaches available in the literature together and to understand the need for experimental evidence for treatment methods.

Keywords

• Misophonia
• decreased sound tolerance
• treatment
• treatment methods
• psychotherapy

Mizofoni Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Mizofoni, belirli işitsel uyaranlara yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan, duygusal ve fizyolojik tepkilerle karakterize bir bozukluktur. Yeme sesleri, burun ve solunum sesleri gibi oral ve nazal sesler başta olmak üzere görsel, dokunsal ve koku uyaranları, mizofonik tepkileri ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Mizofoni, bireylerin sosyal ilişkilerinde sorun yaşamasına, iş ve akademik yaşantıda başarısızlığa yol açabilmektedir. Mizofoni semptomları, kaygı, depresyon ve diğer ruh sağlığı sorunlarının da ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir. Vücutta ağrı, terleme, taşikardi, sıcak basması, nefes alma güçlükler gibi fizyolojik tepkiler, kişilerin fiziksel sağlığını da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle kişilerin hem fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı hem de yaşam kalitesi önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Mizofoninin tanılanmasında uzlaşılmış tanı kriterlerinin yokluğu ve psikiyatrik bir bozukluk olarak sınıflandırmak için hala yeterli verinin olmaması, geçerliliği kanıtlanmış tedavi rehberleri bulunmamasına yol açmıştır. Ancak, kısıtlı sayıda çalışmalarda yaygınlığı %20’ye ulaşan, kişinin işlevselliğini olumsuz etkileyen mizofoni için alan yazında tartışılan tedavi önerileri bulunmaktadır. Mizofoni, tinnitus yeniden eğitim terapisi (TRT), antidepresan ve anksiyolitik ilaç grupları ve bilişsel davranışçı terapiler ile tedavi edilmektedir. Önerilen diğer tedavi yaklaşımları nöral yeniden modelleme tekniği, sıralı yeniden modelleme hipnoterapi, travma önleme tekniği, travma ve gerilim azaltma egzersizleri olarak sıralanmaktadır. Bu derleme ile literatürde var olan tedavi yaklaşımlarının bir arada sunulması, tedavi yöntemleri için deneysel kanıtlara duyulan ihtiyacın anlaşılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mizofoni
• azalmış ses toleransı
• tedavi
• tedavi yöntemleri
• psikoterapi

Kaynakça

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