Interpersonal Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Perinatal Depression

Abstract

Perinatal depression is a psychiatric disorder that is not sufficiently diagnosed and directed to treatment. Its acute and chronic outcomes influence not only the mother but also the infant and the relationship between them. Both pregnancy and the postpartum periods are the times of significant physiological and emotional changes which also influence interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal risk factors like insufficient social support and increased social conflict can have an important impact on the women's mental and physiological health during this period. Studies have shown that women prefer psychological and social management over drugs during this period. Interpersonal psychotherapy is a time-limited treatment approach, especially focusing on interpersonal difficulties with the goal of reducing depressive symptoms and improving interpersonal functioning. Such distressing factors which can occur during pregnancy and delivery are compatible with the four main problem areas that interpersonal psychotherapy addresses so that the therapist can easily use interpersonal psychotherapy in order to solve such difficulties.

Keywords

• Perinatal depression, interpersonal psychotherapy, social support

Perinatal Depresyon Tedavisinde Kişilerarası Psikoterapi

Öz

Perinatal depresyon, akut ve uzun süreli sonuçları sadece anneyi değil, bebeğini ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi de etkileyen ama yeterince tanınıp tedaviye yönlendirilemeyen bir psikiyatrik rahatsızlıktır. Hem gebelik hem de postpartum dönem kişilerarası ilişkileri de etkileyen önemli fiziksel ve duygusal değişimlerin yaşandığı süreçlerdir. Yetersiz sosyal destek ve artmış sosyal çatışma gibi kişilerarası risk etkenleri bu dönemde kadının ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığı üzerine ciddi etkiler yapabilir. Çalışmalar bu dönemde kadınların psikolojik ve sosyal girişimleri farmakoterapiye tercih ettiklerini göstermektedir. Kişilerarası psikoterapi, kısa süreli, özellikle kişilerarası sorunlara odaklanan, depresif belirtilerin azalmasını ve kişilerarası işlevselliğin düzelmesini hedefleyen bir tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Gebelik ve doğum sürecinde ortaya çıkan sorunlar kişilerarası terapinin ele aldığı dört temel sorun alanı ile çok uyumlu olduğu için terapist hastanın bu çatışmalarını çözmek için kişilerarası psikoterapiyi rahatlıkla kullanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Perinatal depresyon, kişilerarası psikoterapi, sosyal destek

Kaynakça

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