Oral Health in Psychiatric Patients

Abstract

Although oral health is a major determinant of general health and quality of life, it has a low priority in the context of mental illness. Chronic mental illness and its treatment carry inherent risks for significant oral diseases. Both the disease itself and its various pharmacologic management modalities lead to a range of oral complications and side effects, with caries, periodontal disease and xerostomia being encountered most frequently. Older age, female gender, length of hospitalization, duration of mental illness, psychiatric diagnosis are the most discussed predictors for adverse dental outcomes in the reviewed studies. Poor oral hygiene, higher intake of carbonates, smoking, poor perception of oral health self-needs, length of psychiatric disorder, length of psychotropic treatment, and less access to dental care pose at high risk for poor oral health among this population. This article emphasizes the importance of preventive dentistry programs to improve dental healthcare psychiatric chronic inpatients and the significance of bridging dental health education to psychiatric rehabilitation programs. In this review, general information concerning the oral manifestations of mental illness, effect of medication of mental illness on oral health, the factors affecting oral health among this special population have been provided.

Keywords

• mental illness, oral health, xerostomia, psychotropic drugs

Psikiyatrik Hastalarda Ağız Sağlığı

Öz

Ağız sağlığı, genel sağlık ve yaşam kalitesinin önemli bir belirleyicisi olmasına karşın psikiyatrik hastalık sürecinde düşük bir önceliği vardır. Kronik psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve tedavileri, ağız sağlığı için doğal riskler taşımaktadır. Hem hastalık hem de farmakolojik tedavi şekilleri, çok sık olarak klinikte diş çürükleri, periodontal hastalıklar ve kserostomi gibi sorunlara ve yan etkilere yol açar. İleri yaş, cinsiyet, hastanede yatış süresi, hastalık süresi, psikiyatrik teşhis, psikotropik ilaçlar kötü ağız sağlığının en sık belirleyici faktörlerdir. Kötü ağız hijyeni, sigara, karbonatların fazla alınması, ağız sağlığı gereksinimlerinin yeterince algılanmaması, hastalığın ve psikiyatrik tedavinin süresi ve diş tedavi hizmetlerinden yetersiz yararlanma, bu özel topluluktaki ağız sağlığının kötü olma riskini artırmaktadır. Bu yazıda, ağız sağlığı yönünden hastanede yatan psikiyatrik hastalarda, koruyucu diş hekimliği programlarının yanısıra psikiyatrik rehabilitasyon programları ile ağız-diş sağlığı eğitimi köprüsünün önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca psikiyatrik hastalıkların ağızdaki belirtileri, psikiyatrik tedavide kullanılan ilaçların ağız sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri ve psikiyatri hastalarında ağız sağlığını etkileyen faktörler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikiyatrik hastalık, ağız sağlığı, kserostomi, psikotrop ilaçlar

Kaynakça

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