Stuttering

Abstract

Stuttering is a multi-dimensional problem involving a particular kind of speech behavior, feelings, beliefs, self- concepts, and social interactions. Stutterers have "good days"? with less stuttering? and "bad days"? when they can't get a word out. Current research suggests that it is caused by a complex interaction between a person's physical makeup and the environment. Stutterers are, on average, psychologically normal, except for fears and anxieties around talking. Stress and anxiety may aggravate stuttering. On the other hand, most stutterers speak fluently when relaxed, but stutter under stress. Stuttering affects people from all levels of the socioeconomic scale and is found in all parts of the world. The frequency of stuttered words, the type of speech disruption, and the presence of, and type of associated behavior varies from person to person. In terms of prognosis, early detection is important. The aim of this article, is to examine the persons who stutter, within the light of the etiology, frequency, definition, differential diagnosis, and comorbid psychiatric symptoms.

Keywords

• stuttering, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features

Kekemelik

Öz

Kekemelik konuşma davranışında değişiklikler, duygular, inançlar, benlik kavramı ve sosyal etkileşim gibi özellikleriyle çok yönlü bir problemdir. Kekemeler daha az kekeledikleri zaman "iyi gün" ve kelimeleri söyleyemedikleri zaman ise "kötü gün"dedirler. Son zamanlardaki araştırmalar, kekemeliğin bir kişi de fiziksel yapı ile çevresel etkenler arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiden kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. Kekemeler, konuşma esnasındaki korku ve kaygı haricinde, psikolojik olarak normal sayılabilirler. Stres ve kaygı kekemeliği artırabilir. Öte yandan, stres altındayken kekelemelerine rağmen kekemelerin çoğu rahat olduklarında akıcı konuşurlar. Kekemelik farklı ekonomik düzeyleri olan insanları etkileyebilir ve bütün dünya da görülebilir. Kekeleme sıklığı, konuşma bozukluğunun çeşidi ve kekemelik ile ilişkili davranış değişiklikleri ya da bunların tipi kişiden kişiye değişir. Sonlanım açısından erken tespit önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kekemeliğin nedenleri, yaygınlık, tanı ölçütleri, ayırıcı tanı ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik belirtiler ışığında incelenmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kekemelik, epidemiyoloji, etyoloji, klinik özellikler

Kaynakça

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