Caregiver Burden in Chronic Diseases

Öz

Duration of human life has been substantially increased in the last fifty years. Survivals of diseases have been prolonged through the advances in medicine. Together with these gratifying consequences, there appeared novel difficulties to cope with. Furthermore developments including globalization, industrialization and transition from rural to urban life occurred during the last century; so family units became smaller and numbers of members on employment in family units increased. As a result numbers of family members to undertake the responsibility of care decreased. As a concept, caregiver burden expresses physical, psychosocial and financial reactions during the course of care providing. Distinct factors including structures of social, cultural and family units and health care systems may affect conditions of care. Caregiver's age, gender, ethnicity, education, relationship with the patient, attitude towards providing care, financial situation, coping abilities, her own health, beliefs, social support and cultural pattern are the personal factors that are related to perception of caregiver burden. Burden of care giving is geared to differential aspects of care needs. For instance care needs of physically disabled and medical care requiring patients with spinal cord injuries may differ from care needs of chronic psychiatric disorders, demented patients in advanced age of their lives or cancer patients in terminal periods. Strain due to care giving may differ as a result of properties of care demands. It is aimed to review the burden of caregivers in different medical and psychiatric care requiring conditions and to introduce differential aspects of caregiver burden in these different conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• care giving, caregiver burden, chronic disorder

Kronik Hastalıklarda Bakım Veren Yükü

Öz

İnsan yaşamının süresi son elli yılda belirgin biçimde uzamıştır. Hastalıkların sağkalım süreleri tıptaki gelişmelere paralel biçimde artmıştır. Bu yüz güldürücü sonuçlar beraberinde baş edilmesi gereken yeni sorunlar ortaya çıkarmışlardır. Bu gelişmelerin yanı sıra küreselleşme, endüstrileşme ve kırsal yaşamdan kentsel yaşama geçişin daha çok gündeme geldiği yirmi birinci yüzyılda aile birimleri küçülmüş, ailelerde iş yaşamına dahil olan birey sayısı artmış,ve kronik hastalıkla mücadele eden aile bireyinin bakımını üstlenebilecek fert sayısı azalmıştır. Bakım veren yükü kavramı bakım sunarken yaşanabilen fiziksel, psikososyal veya maddi tepkileri ifade etmede kullanılmaktadır. Toplumsal, kültürel, aile birimlerinin yapılanmaları ile ilgili özellikler ve de sağlık bakımı sistemlerindeki farklılıklar bakım koşullarını etkileyebilecek faktörler arasındadır. Bakım verenin yaşı, etnik kökeni, cinsiyeti, hastaya olan yakınlığı, bakım vermeye gönüllü olup olmaması, eğitim durumu, ekonomik durumu, hastalığının olup olmaması, baş etme becerileri, inançları, sosyal desteği, yaşadığı toplumun kültürel özellikleri bakım verenin yük algılaması ile ilişkili kişisel faktörler arasındadır. Bakım vermenin getireceği yük, bakım gereksinimlerinin nitelikleri ile de yakından ilişkilidir. Fiziksel kısıtlılığı olan, aynı zamanda tıbbi bakımın da gerekli olduğu omurilik felçli hastaların bakım gereksinimleri ile kronik seyirli psikiyatrik bozuklukların, yaşamının ileri dönemindeki demanslı hastaların ya da terminal dönemindeki kanser hastalarının bakım gereksinimleri arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda farklı tıbbi ve psikiyatrik durumlarda bakım veren yükü araştırmaları derlenmiş ve farklı özelliklerin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bakım verme, bakım veren yükü, kronik hastalık

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