Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Abstract

The circadian rhythm sleep disorders define the clinical conditions where sleep–wake rhythm is disrupted despite optimum environmental and social conditions. They occur as a result of the changes in endogenous circadian hours or non-compatibility of environmental factors or social life with endogenous circadian rhythm. The sleep–wake rhythm is disrupted continuously or in repeating phases depending on lack of balance between internal and external cycles. This condition leads to functional impairments which cause insomnia, excessive sleepiness or both in people. Application of detailed sleep anamnesis and sleep diary with actigraphy record, if possible, will be sufficient for diagnosis. The treatment aims to align endogenous circadian rhythm with environmental conditions. The purpose of this article is to review pathology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of circadian rhythm disorder.

Keywords

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Sirkadiyen Ritim Uyku Bozuklukları

Öz

Sirkadiyen ritim uyku bozuklukları, çevresel ve sosyal koşullara uygun olan uyku-uyanıklık ritminin bozulduğu klinik durumları tanımlar. Endojen sirkadiyen saatteki değişimler ya da çevresel veya sosyal yaşantının, endojen sirkadiyen ritme göre uyumsuzluğu sonucunda oluşurlar. Uyku-uyanıklık ritmi, içsel ve dışsal döngüler arasındaki dengesizliklere bağlı olarak devamlı veya tekrarlayıcı tarzda bozulur. Bu durum kişide uykusuzluk, aşırı uykuluk ya da her ikisine de neden olarak fonksiyonel kayıplara yol açar. Ayrıntılı uyku anamnezi ve uyku günlüğünün mümkün ise aktigrafi kaydı ile birlikte uygulanması tanı için yeterlidir. Tedavide endojen sirkadiyen ritmin çevresel koşullar ile uyumlu hale gelmesi amaçlanır. Bu yazıda sirkadiyen ritim uyku bozukluklarının patofizyolojisi, klinik özellikleri, tanı ve tedavilerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları, uyku bozuklukları, melatonin

Kaynakça

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