Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) ve Kanıt Temelli Psikososyal Müdahaleler

Öz

Yaşlanma ile birlikte artan kronik hastalıklar arasında solunum yolu hastalıkları dünya genelinde önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dünya genelinde Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH), hastalık yükü, mortalite ve morbidite oranlarının fazla olması açısından müdahale edilmesi gereken önlenebilir ve tedavi edilebilir olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bireylerin yaşadıkları psikososyal problemlerin önlenmesi, tedavisi ve rehabilitasyonunda Konsültasyon ve Liyezon Psikiyatrisinin (KLP) önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. KOAH’lı bireyler ve aileleri sosyal, ekonomik, ruhsal, fiziksel ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişim noktasında bazı problemler yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde KOAH’lı bireylerin yaşadıkları psikososyal problemlere yönelik sağlık profesyonellerinin yaptıkları kanıt temelli çalışmalar sonucunda bu problemlerin yönetimine katkı sağlamaya odaklandıkları görülmektedir. Makale, özellikle KOAH hastalarına yönelik psikososyal müdahalelerin son 5 yıllık çalışmalarını incelemektedir. Bu çalışmalar, hastaların evde tıbbi destek, egzersiz, öz-yönetim, psikolojik komorbiditelere ve yaşam kalitesine odaklandığı gibi zihinsel sağlığı geliştirmeye yönelik müdahalelerde fiziksel aktivitenin önemini de vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmalar, Kanıt temelli çalışmalar perspektifinde KOAH hastalarına yönelik psikososyal müdahalelerin etkisini daha derinlemesine anlamak amacıyla incelenmiştir. Bu tür çalışmaların, hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve tedavi sonuçlarını optimize etmek için kritik önem taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• KOAH
• kanıta dayalı uygulamalar
• konsültasyon ve liyezon psikiyatri
• psikososyal bakım

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions

Abstract

Respiratory tract diseases emerge as a significant global health concern accompanying the aging process. Among the escalating chronic conditions associated with aging, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) stands out as a notable concern due to its high disease burden, mortality, and morbidity rates, necessitating intervention. The indispensability of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) in averting, treating, and rehabilitating psychosocial predicaments encountered by individuals remains indisputable. Individuals with COPD and their families face challenges spanning social, economic, psychological, physical, and healthcare access domains. A scrutiny of studies reveals that evidence-based efforts by healthcare professionals targeting psychosocial challenges faced by COPD-afflicted individuals pivot towards enhancing problem management. This article particularly examines psychosocial interventions for COPD patients over the past five years. The identified studies emphasize interventions focusing on domiciliary medical support, exercise routines, self-management, psychological comorbidities, and the improvement of life quality, thereby underscoring the cardinal importance of physical activity in augmenting mental well-being. Ultimately, the conducted research has been analyzed through the prism of evidence-based practice to profoundly comprehend the ramifications of psychosocial interventions for COPD patients. Such research endeavors have been deemed to hold pivotal significance in enhancing patients' quality of life and optimizing treatment outcomes.

Keywords

• COPD
• evidence-based practices
• psychosocial care
• consultation-liaison psychiatry

Kaynakça

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