Little by Little, Often Eating: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Grazing Questionnaire

Abstract

Research indicates a close association between grazing, classified as disordered eating, and both obesity and eating disorders. This study aims to adapt the Grazing Questionnaire into Turkish. The research encompassed exploratory (N= 181) and confirmatory (N= 180) factor analyses with a sample of 361 community-based participants aged 18 to 30. Principal component analysis revealed a two-factor structure (uncontrollability, grazing behaviors) explaining 63.40% of the total variance, with eigenvalues surpassing 1. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient stood at .86. In assessing construct validity, the Grazing Questionnaire exhibited meaningful correlations with the Binge Eating Scale (r= .60, p< .01), body mass index (r= .23, p< .01), and subscales of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale. Discriminant validity, evaluated through independent samples t-test analysis, showcased significant distinctions between groups with an eating disorder diagnosis or psychological support and those without such diagnoses or support in terms of grazing behaviors. These findings affirm that the Turkish version of the Grazing Questionnaire serves as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating individuals’ grazing behaviors and the feeling of loss of control during eating within a community-based sample. Moreover, the scale's structure aligns closely with its original form. Psychologists and psychiatrists can employ the the Grazing Questionnaire as an effective measurement tool to assess and identify distinctive features associated with eating behaviors.

Keywords

• grazing
• binge eating
• disordered eating
• eating disorders

Az Az Sık Sık Yeme: Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Bozulmuş yeme davranışları arasında kabul edilen otlanma tarzı yemenin, obezite ve yeme bozuklukları ile yakından ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Ölçeğin açımlayıcı (N= 181) ve doğrulayıcı (N= 180) faktör analizleri 18-30 yaş aralığında olan toplum temelli toplam 361 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin faktör yapısını belirlemek için temel bileşenler analizinden yararlanılmış ve özdeğeri 1’in üzerinde olan, toplam varyansın %63.40’ını açıklayan iki faktörlü yapıya (kontrol edilemezlik, otlanma davranışları) ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı ,86’dır. Bileşen geçerliği kapsamında Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin, Tıkınırcasına Yeme Ölçeği (r= .60, p< .01), beden kitle indeksi (r= .23, p< .01) ve Leahy Duygusal Şema Ölçeğinin alt boyutları ile kabul edilebilir ilişkiler gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayırıcı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bağımsız gruplar t-testi analizine göre yeme bozukluğu tanısı olan veya psikolojik destek alan grup ile herhangi bir yeme bozukluğu tanısı olmayan ve psikolojik destek almayan grup otlanma tarzı yeme bakımından anlamlı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun toplum temelli örneklemde bireylerin otlanma davranışlarını ve yeme edinimi esnasındaki kontrol kaybı hissini değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ulaşılan yapı ölçeğin orijinal formuyla büyük oranda tutarlılık göstermektedir. Psikolog ve psikiyatristler tarafından değerlendirme ve ayırıcı özellikleri belirleme amacıyla başvurulabilecek bir ölçüm aracı olarak Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinden faydalanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• otlanma tarzı yeme
• tıkınırcasına yeme
• bozulmuş yeme
• yeme bozuklukları

Kaynakça

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