Kültürleşme ve Etnik Kimliğin Göçmen Ergen Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri

Yıl 2024, , 628 - 643, 25.12.2024

Onat Yetim

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1408544

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında çocuk ve ergenler başta olmak üzere tüm insanlığı etkileyen temel sorunlardan biri göç olgusudur. Göçe bağlı olarak kültürleşmede hâkim kültürle etnik kimliklerin birbirlerini etkilemesi ele alınmaktadır. Kültürleşme etnik kimlikleri değişime uğratmakta; bu değişim içerisinde yaşanan kültürleşme stresi ergen ruh sağlığına etkide bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda çoğunluk ve azınlık kültürlerinin tercih ettikleri kültürleşme stratejilerinin ruh sağlığına ve psikolojik iyi olmaya olan etkileri geniş perspektiften değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kültürleşme, etnik kimlik, ruh sağlığı ilişkileri kapsamlı olarak incelenmekte; özellikle ergen ruh sağlığına ilişkin literatürde bu yönde elde edilmiş bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmekte ve olası sonuçlara yönelik çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazında bu konuyla ilgili yayınlanmış bir sistematik derleme çalışmasına rastlanılmamıştır. Erken dönem çalışmalar özellikle ergenlerin hâkim kültürle özdeşim kurabilmesiyle ruh sağlığı arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki göstermektedir. Ancak günümüzde göçmenin ve hakim kültürün özellikleri iki boyutlu olarak ele alınmakta ve her iki kültüre de uyumu sürdürmenin ruh sağlığını olumlu yönde etkilediği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ayrıca göçmen/mülteci ergenin topluma uyumunda psikiyatrik müdahalelerin etkiliği de tartışılmıştır. Hangi tür kültürleşme süreçlerinin ergenlerin ruh sağlığını olumlu yöne etkilediğini belirlemek için daha fazla çalışmaya gerek duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kültürleme, Etnik Kimlik, Ruh sağlığı, Ergen

Effects of Acculturation and Ethnic Identity on Immigrant Adolescents’ Mental Health

Öz

In today's world, the main problem affecting all humanity, especially children and adolescents, is the phenomenon of migration. In acculturation due to migration, the influence of dominant culture and ethnic identities on each other is discussed. Acculturation changes ethnic identities; acculturation stress experienced in this change affects adolescent mental health. In recent years, the effects of acculturation strategies preferred by majority and minority cultures on mental health and psychological well-being have been evaluated from a broad perspective. In this study, the relationships between acculturation, ethnic identity, and mental health are examined comprehensively, the literature on adolescent mental health findings is evaluated comparatively, and various suggestions are made for possible results. No systematic review study on this subject was found in the national and international literature. Early studies, in particular, found a positive relationship between adolescents' ability to identify with the dominant culture and mental health. However, today, the characteristics of the immigrant and the dominant culture are considered two-dimensionally, and it turns out that maintaining adaptation to both cultures positively affects mental health. In addition, the effectiveness of psychiatric interventions leads adoption of the society of immigrant/refugee adolescents is discussed in detail. More studies are needed to determine which acculturation processes positively affect adolescents' mental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acculturation, Identity, Mental Health, Adolescent

Kaynakça

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