Yaşlı Bireylere Yönelik Pozitif Psikoloji Müdahalelerinin Gerontolojik Perspektiften Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Yaşlı bireylere yönelik çalışmalar, büyük ölçüde yaşlanmayla beraber meydana gelen sorunlara ve bu sorunların çözümüne odaklanmaktadır. Buna karşılık sınırlı sayıda çalışma, yaşlı bireylerin olumlu duygularını ele almaktadır. Olumlu duygular; önleme, tedavi etme ve problemlerle başa çıkma stratejileri ile bütünleştirildiğinde sorunların üstesinden gelmede önemli bir role sahiptir. Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımı, olumlu duygularla yakından ilişkilidir ve yaşamdaki olumlu yanları anlamak ve geliştirmek için çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Pozitif psikoloji müdahaleleri; olumlu duygular, bilişler ve davranışlar geliştirmek için tasarlanmış müdahaleler olarak tanımlanmakta; şükran, affetme, yaşamı gözden geçirme terapisi, anımsama ve öz yönetim gibi uygulamaları içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, pozitif psikoloji müdahalesini konu alan araştırmalarda kullanılan müdahalelerin genel özelliklerinin ve yaşlı bireylere nasıl etki ettiğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, doğrudan yaşlı bireylere yönelik pozitif psikoloji müdahalelerini ele alan araştırmalar incelenerek araştırmaların kavramsal ve yöntemsel özellikleri ile yaşlı bireylere etkileri ele alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda alanda çalışanlara öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yaşlanma
• yaşlılık
• pozitif psikoloji müdahaleleri

Assessment of Positive Psychology Interventions for Elderly Individuals from Gerontological Perspective

Abstract

Studies on elderly individuals tends to focus on the problems of aging and how to deal with them. On the other hand, a limited number of studies have looked at positive emotions of elderly individuals. Positive emotions play an important role in overcoming problems when integrated with prevention, treatment and coping strategies. The positive psychology approach is closely related to positive emotions and works to understand and improve the positive aspects of life. Positive psychology interventions defined as interventions designed to develop positive emotions, cognitions and behaviors and included practices such as gratitude, forgiveness, life review therapy, reminiscence and self-management. The aim of this review is to identify the general characteristics of the interventions used in studies of positive psychology interventions and how they affect elderly people. In this context, the conceptual and methodological characteristics of the studies and their effects on elderly people were discussed by analysing the studies that directly addressed positive interventions for elderly people. In line with the findings of the analysed studies, suggestions for those working in this field are presented.

Keywords

• aging
• old age
• positive psychology interventions

Kaynakça

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