Perinatal ve Postpartum Dönemde Uygulanan Mindfulness Müdahalelerinin Kadın Sağlığına Etkileri: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Bu sistematik derlemede perinatal ve postpartum dönemde uygulanan mindfulness müdahalelerinin kadın ruh sağlığına etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct ve Springer Link veri tabanları taranarak, Ocak 2018-Eylül 2023’e kadar son beş yılda yayınlanmış randomize kontrollü çalışmalar ele alındı. Veri tabalarında tarama yapılırken “Pregnancy”, “Pregnant”, “Prenatal”, “Perinatal”, “Postpartum”, “Mindfulness”, “Meditation”, “Self-compassion” “Randomized controlled trial” anahtar sözcükleri kullanıldı. Makaleler incelenirken, raporlama özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde 27 maddeli PRISMA Bildirimi ve Joanna Briggs Enstitüsü'nün Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmalar için Kritik Değerlendirme Kontrol Listesi kullanıldı. Tarama sonucunda 26 çalışmaya ulaşıldı. Çalışmalarda müdahale gruplarına en sık uygulanan mindfulness müdahalesinin online ortamda ve kendi kendine yardım programları şeklinde olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmaların bulgularında mindfulness temelli uygulamaların kadınların doğum korkusu, depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeylerinde azalma, psikolojik iyi oluş, öz yeterlilik, özşefkat ve bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerinde artış olduğu saptandı. Bununla birlikle mindfulness uygulamalarının normal vajinal doğum oranlarını ve maternal-fetal bağlanma düzeylerini arttırdığı, doğum ağrısını ve buna yönelik ilaç/anestezi gereksinimini azalttığı, sağlıklı yaşam tarzı davranışları geliştirmede etkili olduğu belirlendi. Perinatal ve postnatal dönemdeki kadınlara uygulanan mindfulness çalışmalarının uluslararası alanda yapılmış olduğu ve son yıllarda hız kazandığı gözlenmiştir. Kadın ve bebek ruh sağlığı için olumlu etkileri olan mindfulness müdahalelerinin Türkiye’de kadınlara uygulanması ve bu çalışma sonuçlarının paylaşılması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• perinatal
• postpartum
• mindfulness
• ruh sağlığı
• fiziksel sağlık

Effects of Mindfulness-Based Practices in the Perinatal and Postpartum Periods on Women's Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of mindfulness interventions on women's mental health in the perinatal and postpartum period. In the study, randomized controlled studies published in the last five years, from January 2018 to September 2023, were searched in CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Springer Link databases. The keywords "Pregnancy", "Pregnant", "Prenatal", "Perinatal", "Postpartum", "Mindfulness", "Meditation", "Self-compassion" and "Randomized controlled trial" were used while searching the databases. The assessed articles were subjected to quality assessment using the PRISMA checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. As a result of the search, 26 studies were found. The studies revealed that the most commonly applied mindfulness intervention among intervention groups was self-help programs in an online setting. Mindfulness-based practices significantly impacted women's mental health, reducing fear of childbirth, depression, anxiety, and stress levels, while enhancing psychological well-being, self-efficacy, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Furthermore, these practices also benefited women’s physical health, contributing to higher rates of normal vaginal births and increased maternal-fetal attachment. They were found to lessen birth pain, reduce the need for medication or anesthesia, and support the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. These findings suggest that mindfulness interventions, which positively influence the mental health of both mothers and infants, should be widely applied to women, and the results of this study should be disseminated.

Keywords

• perinatal
• postpartum
• mindfulness
• mental health
• physical health

Kaynakça

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