Schadenfreude: A Conceptual Review

Abstract

Individuals can exhibit different reactions in the face of others' misfortunes. These reactions sometimes manifest as sharing in the sadness, while at other times, they can manifest as a hidden or overt form of joy. Schadenfreude, a term of German origin, is an emotional expression primarily corresponding to reactions of the second type. Schadenfreude denotes the inner satisfaction or joy felt in response to someone else's failure, misfortune, or pain. In this manuscript, the concept of "malicious joy” is identified as the Turkish equivalent of schadenfreude and is used interchangeably throughout the manuscript. The sensation of malicious joy is a complex phenomenon that affects individuals' internal psychological processes and external expressions, and its exploration can contribute to the literature. Therefore, the main objective of this manuscript is to provide both theoretical and practical perspectives on malicious joy, contributing to the existing knowledge in the field. The manuscript focuses on the definition of malicious joy, its causes, relevant psychosocial factors, and its effects on mental health. Malicious joy arises from three main reasons: justice-based, comparison-based, and intergroup phenomena, namely rejoicing in someone else's sorrow. Emotional and social factors such as lack of empathy, jealousy, competitiveness, and social comparison are discussed for their role in the emergence of malicious joy. Additionally, studies on malicious joy and measurement tools used in its assessment are examined. Finally, the necessity for further research on malicious joy is emphasized.

Keywords

• Schadenfreude
• Jealousy
• Envy
• Admiration
• Rejoicing in Others
• Malicious Joy.

Schadenfreude: Kavramsal Bir Derleme

Öz

İnsanlar, başkalarının üzüntüsü karşısında farklı tepkiler verebilmektedir. Bu tepkiler kimi zaman üzüntüyü paylaşmak biçiminde kendini gösterirken kimi zaman da gizli ya da açık bir sevinme biçiminde de kendini gösterebilmektedir. Almanca kökenli bir kavram olan schadenfreude ise temelinde ikinci türden tepkilere karşılık gelen bir duygusal ifadedir. Schadenfreude, birinin başarısızlığı, kötü şansı veya acısı karşısında içten içe duyulan memnuniyet ya da neşe durumunu ifade etmektedir. Bu makalede schadenfreude kavramının Türkçe karşılığı olarak “kötücül sevinç” kavramı belirlenmiştir ve makalede schadenfreude yerine kullanılmıştır. Kötücül sevinç duygusu, bireylerin içsel psikolojik süreçlerini ve dışa vurumlarını etkileyen karmaşık bir durumdur ve araştırılması alanyazına katkı sağlayabilir. Bu bağlamda bu makalenin temel amacı kötücül sevinçle ilgili hem teorik hem pratik bir bakış açısı sunarak alandaki bilgi birikimine katkı sağlamaktır. Makalede kötücül sevinç kavramının tanımı, nedenleri, ilgili olduğu psikososyal etmenler ve ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanılmıştır. Kötücül sevinç adalet temelli, karşılaştırma temelli ve gruplararası bir olgu olarak başkasının üzüntüsüne sevinme olmak üzere üç ana nedenle ortaya çıkmaktadır ve makalede empati eksikliği, kıskançlık, rekabetçilik ve sosyal karşılaştırma gibi duygusal ve sosyal faktörlerin, kötücül sevinç duygusunun ortaya çıkmasında etkisi tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca kötücül sevinç ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ve kötücül sevincin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan ölçme araçları incelenmiştir. Son olarak kötücül sevinçle ilgili daha fazla araştırma yapılmasının gereği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Schadenfreude
• Kıskançlık
• Haset
• Gıpta
• Başkasının Üzüntüsüne Sevinme
• Kötücül Sevinç.

Kaynakça

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