Yetişkin Nörogenezi Ekseninde Aralıklı Oruç ve Kalori Kısıtlamasının Nörodejeneratif Hastalıkları Önlemede Rolü

Öz

Yaşlanma, Alzheimer, Parkinson ve Huntington hastalıkları gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkların en önemli risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dahası düzensiz nörogenezin de nörodejeneratif hastalıkların sebeplerinden biri olabileceği yorumlanmaktadır. Nörogenezi, sinaptik plastisiteyi ve hücre sağ kalımını teşvik ederek beynin gelişiminde ve plastisitesinde önemli rol oynadığı bilinen bir büyüme faktörü olan beyin türevli nörotrofik faktör sinyalinin yaşlanma ile birlikte beyinde azaldığını ve nörodejenaratif hastalıkların sebebi olabileceğini ortaya koyan çalışmalar vardır. Bir beslenme metodu olan aralıklı oruç veya kalori kısıtlamasının insan ve kemirgen beyninin çeşitli bölgelerinde beyin türevli nörotrofik faktör ekspresyonunu arttırdığı bulgulanmıştır. Bu durum bize, yaşa bağlı azalma gösteren beyin türevli nörotrofik faktörün beslenme düzeni ile zenginleştirilebilecek bir nörotrofin olabileceğinin sinyalini vermektedir. Buradan hareketle söz konusu beslenme metotlarının beyin türevli nörotrofik faktörü sinyalleyerek yetişkin hipokampal nörogenezini tetiklemesi ve beynin öğrenme, hafıza ve ruh halini kontrol eden hipokampus alanında değişiklikler yaparak, yaşlanmaya karşı beynin direncini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. İnsan ve hayvan çalışmalarından elde edilen önemli kanıtlar, aralıklı oruç ve kalori kısıtlamasının beyin yaşlanması üzerindeki yararlı etkilerinde beyin türevli nörotrofik faktörün sinyallemesinin rol oynadığını ve bunun da nörodejeneratif hastalıkları önlemede fonksiyonel bir sonuç vaat etmesi açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yetişkin Nörogenezi
• Aralıklı Oruç
• Kalori Kısıtlaması
• Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklar

The Role of Intermittent Fasting and Calorie Restriction in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases within the Context of Adult Neurogenesis

Abstract

Aging is considered the most important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Moreover, it is interpreted that irregular neurogenesis may also be one of the causes of neurodegenerative diseases. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal, a growth factor known to play an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain by promoting neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and cell survival, decreases in the brain with aging and may be the cause of neurodegenerative diseases. Intermittent fasting or calorie restriction, a nutritional method, increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in various regions of the human and rodent brain. This brings to mind the question of whether nutritional methods such as intermittent fasting and calorie restriction may play a role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Based on this, it has been investigated how these nutritional methods trigger adult hippocampal neurogenesis by signaling brain-derived neurotrophic factor and how they affect the brain's resistance to aging by causing changes in the hippocampus area of the brain that controls learning, memory and mood. Significant evidence obtained from human and animal studies reveals that brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling plays a role in the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and calorie restriction on brain aging and that this is important in terms of promising a functional result in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords

• Adult Neurogenesis
• Intermittent Fasting
• Calorie Restriction
• Neurodegenerative Disorders

Kaynakça

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