Beyond Cartesian and Newtonian Paradigms in Psychology: Human Experience in Transactional Approach

Abstract

Cartesian dualism and the Newtonian worldview present significant dilemmas for psychological science as it strives to comprehend human experience. These perspectives tend to conceptualize human experience in static and simplistic terms, fragmenting it into isolated components and seeking universal principles through objectivity. However, this reductionist approach neglects the inherent complexity, holistic nature, dynamism, and subjectivity of human experience, ultimately yielding a fragmented and inadequate model of humanity. In response to this restrictive paradigm, the transactional approach emerges as a more comprehensive framework, advocating for the examination of human experience as a dynamic whole, situated within its unique context and characterized by its subjectivity and complexity. This review critically analyzes the fundamental dilemmas posed by Cartesian dualism and the Newtonian worldview within the realm of psychology and elucidates the transactional approach through its theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. Furthermore, a semi-structured guide is provided to facilitate the integration of this approach into psychological research.

Keywords

• cartesian dualism
• Newtonian worldview
• human experience
• transactional approach
• psychology

Psikolojide Kartezyen ve Newtoncu Paradigmaların Ötesinde: Transaksiyonel Yaklaşımda İnsan Deneyimi

Öz

Kartezyen düalizm ve Newtoncu dünya görüşü, psikoloji biliminin insan deneyimini anlamada karşılaştığı önemli açmazları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu perspektifler, insan deneyimini parçalara ayırarak, durağan ve basit ilişkilerle ele almakta ve nesnelliğe dayalı evrensel ilkelere ulaşma çabası göstermektedir. Ancak bu yaklaşım, deneyimin karmaşıklığını, bütünselliğini, dinamikliğini ve öznelliğini göz ardı ederek, parçalanmış bir insan model ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu kısıtlayıcı anlayışın üstesinden gelmek üzere sunulan transaksiyonel dünya görüşü, psikoloji çalışmalarında insanı deneyimini kendi bağlamında, öznelliğinde ve karmaşıklığı içinde dinamik bir bütün olarak ele almayı önermektedir. Bu derlemede, Kartezyen düalizm ve Newtoncu dünya görüşünün psikoloji alanındaki temel açmazları ele alınmakta; transaksiyonel yaklaşım hem teorik çerçevesi hem de uygulama örnekleri aracılığıyla açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu yaklaşımın araştırmalarda nasıl uygulanabileceğine dair yarı yapılandırılmış bir kılavuz sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kartezyen düalizm
• Newtoncu dünya görüşü
• insan deneyimi
• transaksiyonel yaklaşım
• psikoloji

Kaynakça

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