Benlik Korkusu, Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Ruminasyonun Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk ve Tedavisi üzerindeki Rolü

Öz

Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk (OKB), bireylerin bu bozukluğa bağlı olarak yaşadıkları sıkıntılar, sosyal problemler ve tedavi yöntemleri yıllar içerisinde çeşitli araştırmalar tarafından ele alınmış ve tartışılmıştır. Öte yandan, OKB’nin yol açtığı olumsuzluklar ve tedaviye bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan sıkıntılı yan etkiler nedeniyle hastalar tedaviyi yarıda bırakma eğiliminde olabilmekte ve bu durum bazen intiharla sonuçlanabilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, OKB hastalarının yaşadıkları zorlukların birtakım tanılar üstü değişkenle açıklanabildiğine işaret etmektedir. Örneğin, OKB hastalarında yaygın olarak karşılaşılan benlik korkusu, mükemmeliyetçilik ve ruminasyon, kendini değerlendirme süreçlerinde artış, uyumsuz başa çıkma stilleri ve duygu düzenleme güçlükleri gibi bazı ortak bilişsel ve duygusal mekanizmalara sahip olup rahatsızlığın başlangıcında ve devamlılığında etkilidir. Bu etkileşim, maruz kalma ve tepki önleme gibi altın standart tedavilere uyumu engeller, çünkü mükemmeliyetçi idealler ve kendini gizleme kaçınmayı teşvik ederken, ruminasyon umutsuzluğun devam etmesine neden olur. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında belirtilen değişkenler (benlik korkusu, mükemmeliyetçilik ve ruminasyon), bu değişkenlerin OKB’deki yaygınlığı, OKB hastalarının günlük yaşantılarına, rahatsızlıklarına ve tedavi süreçlerine olan etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk
• Benlik Kavramı
• Kaygı Bozuklukları
• Ruh Sağlığı.

The Role of Fear of Self, Perfectionism, and Rumination on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its Treatment

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been widely discussed throughout the years in various research, discussing the suffering of individuals, social issues, as well as treatment methods. Unfortunately, due to the impact of the disorder itself and the distressful side effects of treatment, patients tend to drop out, subsequently even commit suicide. Recent literature shows that the difficulties faced by OCD patients might be due to some transdiagnostic variables. Fear of self, perfectionism, and rumination, which are highly common among OCD patients, might share cognitive and emotional mechanisms, such as heightened self-evaluative processes, maladaptive cognitive styles, and difficulties in emotion regulation, that contribute to the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Their interplay hinders engagement in gold-standard treatments like exposure and response prevention, as perfectionistic ideals and self-concealment foster avoidance, while rumination sustains hopelessness.This review aims to elaborate further on these variables (i.e., fear of self, perfectionism, and rumination), how common they are in OCD, how they impact the daily lives of patients with OCD, how they contribute to the disorder, and affect the treatment process.

Keywords

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Self Concept
• Anxiety Disorders
• Mental Health.

Kaynakça

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