Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğunun Tedavisinde Üstbilişsel Terapinin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Üstbilişsel terapi, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun tedavisinde giderek artan bir ilgi görmekte ve alan yazında daha sık ele alınmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun tedavisinde üstbilişsel (metakognitif) terapinin etkililiğini gözden geçirmektir. Bu doğrultuda ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science ve EBSCOHost veri tabanlarında yapılan tarama sonucunda, belirlenen dahil etme ve dışlama kriterlerini karşılayan 11 araştırma olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmaya dahil edilen araştırmalar örneklem, yöntem ve sonuçlar gibi çeşitli yönlerden değerlendirilmiştir. Gözden geçirme sonuçları, üstbilişsel terapi alan yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu tanısı olan hastaların endişe ve anksiyete düzeylerinin önemli ölçüde azaldığını ve bu hastaların büyük çoğunluğunun klinik düzeyde iyileşme gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Üstbilişsel terapi sonrasında yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu tanı kriterlerini artık karşılamayarak tamamen iyileşen hastaların oranının ise oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları ayrıca üstbilişsel terapinin gevşeme uygulaması, bilişsel davranışçı terapi ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük terapisiyle karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek iyileşme oranları sağladığını ve hem kısa hem de uzun vadede daha etkili bir tedavi seçeneği olarak öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Üstbilişsel terapi, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun gelişiminde ve sürmesinde kritik rol oynayan olumlu ve olumsuz üstbilişsel inançları etkili bir şekilde azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca üstbilişsel terapinin, bireysel veya grup formatında uygulanmasından bağımsız olarak, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun tedavisinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Üstbilişsel terapi
• yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu
• etkililik
• sistematik gözden geçirme

Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review

Öz

Metacognitive therapy has become a field of increasing interest in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and has increasingly been discussed in literature. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Accordingly, a review of ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOHost databases revealed that 11 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in various aspects such as sample, methodology and results. The results of the review revealed that patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder who receive metacognitive therapy have significantly reduced levels of worry and anxiety and that the majority of these patients demonstrate clinical recovery. Following metacognitive therapy, it was determined that the proportion of patients who no longer met the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder and completely recovered was relatively high. The results also demonstrate that metacognitive therapy yields higher recovery rates than applied relaxation, cognitive behavioral therapy and intolerance of uncertainty therapy and stands out as a more effective treatment option in the short and long term. Metacognitive therapy significantly reduces both positive and negative metacognitive beliefs, which play critical role in the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder. Furthermore, metacognitive therapy is an effective intervention in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, regardless of whether it is applied in an individual or group format.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metacognitive therapy
• generalized anxiety disorder
• effectiveness
• systematic review

Kaynakça

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